Mesopotamia
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| Amorites establish ----------------- as their capital city around 2,000 BCE | Babylon
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| was their most powerful and influential king. | Hammurabi
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| Babylon society was very complex, so a legal system called ---------------------- was created to settle every dispute. | Hammurabi’s Code
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| specific laws | 282
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| Established that people would be held ----------- for actions | responsible
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| Established that government had a responsibility for what happened in society | society
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| --------- were one of the most powerful traders along the Mediterranean Sea around 1100 BCE. | Phoenicians
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| Around 900 BCE, Phoenicians developed a 22 symbol ---------(eventually used by Greeks, Romans, and us today!) | alphabet
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| -------- were one of the smallest groups that lived in the ancient Fertile Crescent | Jews
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| Ideas based on legal code received from Moses to God called the ------ -------------------------------- | Ten Commandments.
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| Lived in ancient ---------- and traded regularly with the Phoenicians | Israel
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| First group to be --------------- (belief in one god) | monotheistic
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| The shift to the ------------- happened around 1000 BCE and allowed groups like the Hittites to dominated Asia Minor. | Iron Age
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| Iron is --------- than bronze (an iron sword destroys a bronze shield), and is --------- to find. | harder , easier
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| ---------- Empire conquered most of Mesopotamia around 700 BCE due to adoption of ----- weapons | Assyrian , Iron
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| Known for being the most disciplined and effective army to date; ruled out of | fear
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| Very --------- government established around 550 BCE by Persian King --------- | tolerant , Cyrus
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| Conquered all of Fertile Crescent and most of ------- ------------- | Asia Minor
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| Left local customs ------ when a city was conquered (no looting, no destruction of temples or buildings) | alone
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| Connected and --------- the people | united
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| "------------------- " connected the land | Royal Road
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| Eventually replaced by--------- around 522 BCE who ruled with ------------- power | Darius , absolute
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| Standard coinage allowed all Persians to conduct -------- | business
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| Launched the Persian Wars against the ------ around 490 BCE. | Greeks
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| What is Ancient Mesopotamia sometimes called? | Fertile Crescent
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| What was the first known piece of literature? | Epic of Gilgamesh
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| The Jews were one of the smallest groups that lived in the Fertile Crescent. They believed in only one god, which is ? | Monotheism
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| What legal system was used in Babylonian society to settle disputes? | Code of Hammurabi
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| What. form of government was first used by the Sumerians? | A monarchy with a king who ruled a city-state.
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| Which two rivers run on either side of Mesopotamia? | Tigris and Euphrates
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| The first system of writing was wedge-shaped symbols known as the _______. This system of writing was mostly used for record keeping. | cuneiform
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| Existed around ---- BCE was home to many different civilizations | 3000
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| Also called the "-----------------------" | “Fertile Crescent”
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| Spanned land between the ------ an ----------- Rivers west to the Mediterranean Sea. | Tigris , Euphrates
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| One of the first civilizations to emerge was ----- | Sumer
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| Growth of population and ----- | trade
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| End to ---------- farming. Workers specialize in crafts. | subsistence
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| Farmers grow more than---------- , trade the rest, and others focus on other trades (woodworking, metallurgy) | needed
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| A system of writing and ----------------- | record keeping
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| Used --------, which was a system of writing with wedge-shaped symbols | Cuneiform
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| First known piece of literature, the Epic of ------------, written in 2700 BCE. | Gilgamesh
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| Used tablets made of hardened ----- | clay
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| Story of a king named Gilgamesh who interacts with his gods and people | interacts
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| Advanced ----------- that allowed them to survive | technology
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| Used ----------- for weapons/tools | bronze
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| Sumerians invented the -------- , plow, and sailboat | wheel
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| A functioning -------- | government
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| Modified environment to live in the challenging --------------------- | Fertile Crescent
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| Created ------------ trade network to get stone, wood, etc. | extensive
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| Built city walls to prevent ------------ | raids
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| Built irrigation -------- to control flooding | ditches
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| Practiced ------------- , or a belief in many gods | polytheism
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| Worshiped in a temple called a ----------- | ziggurat
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| Government was a monarchy, established by strong --------------- | warriors
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| Sumerian cities (Ur, Uruk, Akkad) were toppled by the ---------, a group of nomadic raiders around --------BCE | Amorites, 2,000
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