US Government Chapter 2 Test Study Cards
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| two-chamber | bicameral
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| an English document signed by King John in 1215 that instituted that “rule of law” and protected certain individual rights | Magna Carta
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| an English document signed by King Charles in 1628 that required monarchs to obtain Parliament’s approval before levying new taxes | Petition of Right
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| an English document passed by Parliament in 1689 that limited monarchs’ power to enact laws, raise taxes, or keep an army without Parliament’s consent; | English Bill of Rights
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| a 1639 set of laws that limited the power of the government and gave all free men the right to choose the people to serve as judges | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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| a colony based on a grant of land by the English monarch to a proprietor | proprietary colony
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| colonies directly controlled by the king through an appointed governor | royal colonies
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| colonies operated under charters agreed to by the colony and the king | charter colonies
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| confederation formed between the Plymouth, Connecticut, Massachusetts Bay, and New Haven colonies to defend against Native Americans and nearby Dutch colonies | New England Confederation
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| a powerful alliance of six Native American nations—the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Tuscarora | Iroquois Confederation
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| a plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that called for a council of representatives appointed by the colonial assemblies and a president general appointed by the king | Albany Plan of Union
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| Parliament’s first attempt to tax American colonists directly, which required a government tax stamp on paper goods and all legal documents | Stamp Act
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| first general meeting of the colonies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, called by the Virginia and Massachusetts assemblies at which delegates sent King George III the Declaration of Resolves | First Continental Congress
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| second general meeting of the colonies in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, at which delegates took strong measures against the Crown | Second Continental Congress
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| declaration issued by the Virginia House of Burgesses that proclaimed “all men are by nature equally free and independent and have certain inherent rights” and that likely inspired parts of the Declaration of Independence | Virginia Declaration of Rights
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| the first constitution of the United States | Articles of Confederation
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| formally approve | ratify
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| 1787 legislation that established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory | Northwest Ordinance
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| a rebellion of Massachusetts farmers who were angry at the prospect of losing their land | Shays’s Rebellion
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| the delegates to the Constitutional Convention | Framers
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| a proposed plan for government that called for a strong central government divided into three branches—legislative, executive, and judicial—each with the power to check the others; | Virginia Plan
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| another proposed plan for government that called for a strong central government divided into three branches; included a unicameral legislature in which each state would get one vote | New Jersey Plan
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| plan of government that combined elements of the Virginia and New Jersey plans; included a bicameral legislature in which membership in one house would be based on state population and membership in the other would be limited to two members per state | Great Compromise
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| the resolution to a dispute over how enslaved people should be counted within a population; provided that three-fifths of the enslaved people in a state would be counted when determining a state’s population | Three-Fifths Compromise
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| supporters of the Constitution | Federalists
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| opponents of the Constitution | Antifederalists
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| the pen name used by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay in a series of articles defending the Constitution | Publius
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| essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay to defend the Constitution | Federalist Papers
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| a series of 10 amendments to the Constitution ratified by the states that protect such rights as freedom of speech, press, and religion, as well as due process protections | Bill of Rights
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