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Organic Chemistry and Biology

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Meaning
eukaryote kingdoms   show
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nucleus   show
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show houses Kreb's cycle, oxidative phosphorylation  
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ribosomes   show
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show synthesis and modification of secretory, membrane-bound, organelle proteins  
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SER   show
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show modification & sorting of protein, some synthesis  
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lysosomes   show
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show metabolize lipids and toxins using peroxide  
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show ... replication, transcription, and splicing occur.  
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Telomerase is necessary...   show
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show Densely packed chromatin that generally contain silent genes  
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show Loosely packed chromatin that contain accessible genes.  
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show (i.e., nuclear scaffold) A mesh of protein believed to confer structural support to the nucleus.  
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show Not membrane-enclosed, contains DNA loops, RNA polymerases, rRNA, unassembled protein components of the ribosome. Site of transcription of only rRNA (by RNA pol I)  
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show Consists of double lipid bilayer, nuclear pores ("porin" proteins).  
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The lumen of the ER...   show
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show ... lets proteins under 60kD to diffuse freely and keeps larger proteins out. Larger proteins may pass with a nuclear localization sequence, a peptide extension of the protein.  
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mitochondria   show
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show ... contain their own plasmid genome that encodes rRNA, tRNA, and some mitochondrial proteins. Uses unique RNA/DNA polymerases, ribosomes, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.  
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show ... are maternally inherited. Sperm only contributes genomic DNA.  
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The ER...   show
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show ... houses initial post-translational modifications, including limited glycosylation and disulfide linkage formation.  
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Golgi complex   show
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constitutive secretory pathway   show
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regulated secretory pathway   show
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Lysosome proteins...   show
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autophagy   show
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crinophagy   show
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acid hydrolases   show
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Peroxisomes...   show
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show Converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen in peroxisomes.  
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show phospholipids, glycolipids, cholesterol  
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show Most abundant lipid. Amphipathic molecules. (Ex: phosphatidyl choline. Two fatty acid chains esterified to glycerol attached to phosphoryl choline group.)  
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glycolipid   show
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Lipid bilayers are...   show
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show Associated with integral membrane proteins and not the membrane itself.  
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passive transport   show
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show Membrane transport that requires energy.  
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show Diffusion of a solute without the use of a protein.  
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facilitated diffusion   show
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channels   show
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show "Carry" solutes across membrane (not a simple channel).  
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uniport   show
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show Carrier protein that transports two molecules at a time, in the same direction.  
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show Carrier protein that transports two molecules at a time, in opposite directions.  
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show Active transport that is coupled with ATP hydrolysis.  
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secondary active transport   show
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show ... reverse.  
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show Absorbtion of large matter for degradation in lysosomes.  
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show Nonspecific uptake of small molecules and ECF.  
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receptor-mediated endocytosis   show
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Microtubules...   show
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Intermediate filaments...   show
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show ... are responsible for gross movements of the cell.  
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show Consists of tight/occluding junctions (seal space between cells), desmosomes (hold cells together), gap junctions (allow flow of things between cells)  
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S phase   show
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show First gap phase, between M phase and S phase.  
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show Second gap phase, between S phase and M phase.  
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show G1-S-G2 phases combined.  
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M phase   show
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show Condensing of chromatin into chromosomes. Nucleolus, nucleus disappear. Spindle, kinetochore fibers appear, centriole pairs move to poles of cell.  
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metaphase   show
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anaphase   show
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show Nuclear membrane forms, chromosomes decondense, nucleolus reappears.  
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show ... doubly diploid (2n x 2).  
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