Definitions for Topics 5.1-5.12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| agriculture | The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
🗑
|
||||
| land-use patterns | Exploitation of land for agricultural, industrial, residential, recreational, or other purposes.
🗑
|
||||
| intensive farming | farming that requires a lot of labor to produce food
🗑
|
||||
| Mediterranean Farming | Southern Europe, Southern California, Southern Africa
-Grows olives, grapes, fruits, vegetables
-Commercial
-Extensive
🗑
|
||||
| Market gardening | The small scale production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers as cash crops sold directly to local consumers.
🗑
|
||||
| Plantation agriculture | Growing specialized crops such as bananas, coffee, and cacao in tropical developing countries, primarily for sale to developed countries.
🗑
|
||||
| mixed crop and livestock farming | Commercial farming characterized by integration of crops and livestock; most of the crops are fed to animals rather than consumed directly by humans.
🗑
|
||||
| extensive farming practices | an agricultural production system that uses small inputs of labor, fertilizers, and capital, relative to the land area being farmed.
🗑
|
||||
| shifting cultivation | A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. Usually in a tropical climate
🗑
|
||||
| nomadic herding/pastoralism | migratory but controlled movement of livestock solely dependent on natural forage
🗑
|
||||
| ranching | A form of commercial agriculture in which livestock graze over an extensive area.
🗑
|
||||
| milk shed | The area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.
🗑
|
||||
| feed lots | confined spaces in which cattle and hogs have limited movement
🗑
|
||||
| double cropping | Harvesting twice a year from the same field.
🗑
|
||||
| settlement patterns | the spatial distribution of where humans inhabit the Earth
🗑
|
||||
| rural settlement patterns | farms, villages, or towns that have any of the following patterns- dispersed, clustered, or linear
🗑
|
||||
| metes and bounds | A method of land description which involves identifying distances and directions and makes use of both the physical boundaries and measurements of the land.
🗑
|
||||
| township and range | rigid grid-like pattern used to facilitate the dispersal of settlers evenly across farmlands
🗑
|
||||
| long-lot survey system | divided land into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals
🗑
|
||||
| Greenbelt | A ring of land maintained as parks, agricultural, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
🗑
|
||||
| fallow | plowed but not seeded; inactive; reddish-yellow; land left unseeded; to plow but not seed
🗑
|
||||
| Enclosure Acts | a series of United Kingdom Acts of Parliament which enclosed open fields and common land in the country, creating legal property rights to land that was previously considered common.
🗑
|
||||
| animal domestication | When animals are tamed and used for food and profit.
🗑
|
||||
| Fertile Crescent | A geographical area of fertile land in the Middle East stretching in a broad semicircle from the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates
🗑
|
||||
| Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages.
🗑
|
||||
| First Agricultural Revolution (Neolithic) | Dating back 10,000 years, the First Agricultural Revolution achieved plant domestication and animal domestication. Move from hunters and gatherers to farming
🗑
|
||||
| Second Agricultural Revolution | dovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, the Second Agricultural Revolution witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm products.
🗑
|
||||
| Third Agricultural Revolution/Green Revolution | movement in agriculture characterized by the use of high yield seeds and fertilizers
🗑
|
||||
| High-yield seeds | Breeding together 2+ seeds that have desirable characteristics to create higher yields
🗑
|
||||
| Mechanized farming | replacing animal and human labor with machine labor
🗑
|
||||
| Subsistence agriculture | farmers raise food for themselves and their close community
🗑
|
||||
| Commercial agriculture | farmers focus on raising crops/animals to sell for profit
🗑
|
||||
| Monocropping | raising a single crop year to year
🗑
|
||||
| Bid-rent Theory | theory that describes that relationships between land value, commercial location, and transportation
🗑
|
||||
| Agribusiness | integration of various steps in the food processing industry; includes production, transportation, marketing, retail, research and development, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Carrying capacity | number of species that an area can support
🗑
|
||||
| Economies of Scale | cost reductions that occur when a product is produced in large quantities
🗑
|
||||
| Von Thunen Model | a model that suggests that perishability of the product and transport costs to the market each factor into the location of agricultural land use and activity
🗑
|
||||
| Isotropic | flat, featureless landscape
🗑
|
||||
| Supply chain | the network involved in the production and distribution of a commodity
🗑
|
||||
| Export | goods that are shipped to another country
🗑
|
||||
| Commodity | a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold
🗑
|
||||
| Infrastructure | systems in place that allow a country to function, including roads, bridges, tunnels, ports, electrical grids, sewers, telecommunications, etc.
🗑
|
||||
| Desertification | transition of land from fertile to desert
🗑
|
||||
| Soil salinization | the process by which water soluble salts build up in the soil, which limits the ability of crops to absorb water
🗑
|
||||
| Slash and burn | vegetation in an area is cut down and burned in place; the ash provides nutrients and the land can be farmed for a few years
🗑
|
||||
| Terracing | farmers building a series of steps into the side of a hill creating flat surfaces on which to grow
🗑
|
||||
| Genetically Modified Organism (GMO) | plants and animals modified by extracting genes of one species and inserting them into the DNA of another species
🗑
|
||||
| Biodiversity | the variety of organisms living in a location
🗑
|
||||
| Urban farming | growing or producing food in an urban area
🗑
|
||||
| Organic farming | agriculture that is practiced without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
🗑
|
||||
| Fair trade | agreements between retailers adn producers that promote higher incomes for producers and more sustainable farming pratices
🗑
|
||||
| Value-added crops | a change in the physical state or form of the product (such as milling wheat into flour or making strawberries into jam); the production of a product in a manner that enhances its value (such as organically produced products)
🗑
|
||||
| Food insecurity | the disruption of food intake because of poor access to food
🗑
|
||||
| Food desert | aera where residents lack access to healthy, nutritious foods because stores selling these foods are too far away
🗑
|
||||
| Aquaculture | raising and harvesting fish and other forms of food that live in water
🗑
|
||||
| Luxury crops | crops not essential to huan survivial but that have a high profit margni; coca, coffee, tea, bananas, pineapple
🗑
|
||||
| Cool chains | transportation chains networks that keep food cool throughout a trip
🗑
|
||||
| Subsidies | financial support provided to farmers/producers by the government to ensure affordable food for consumers
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
PRO Teacher
karaangelos
Popular AP Human Geography sets