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Words from learning objective 2.5-2.9

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Term
Definition
Demographic Transition Model   a sequence of demographic changes in which a country moves from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates through time  
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epidemiology   a branch of medicine that deals with incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health  
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Epidemiological Transition Model   a shift in the disease pattern of a population as mortality fell during the first stages of the demographic transition. Acute infectious diseases were reduced, whereas chronic, degenerative diseases increased. It also meant a gradual upward shirt in the age distribution of deaths.  
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Crude Birth Rate (CBR)   the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year  
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Crude Death Rate (CDR)   the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year  
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demography   Scientific study of human populations  
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dependency ratio   the number of people under age 15 and over 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force  
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ecumene   the portion of the earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement  
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infant mortality rate (IMR)   the total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society  
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life expectancy   a figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live  
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Maternal Mortality Rate   Number of deaths per thousand of women giving birth  
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epidemic   a widespread outbreak of an infectious disease  
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pandemic   disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population  
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zero population growth   A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero.  
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total fertility rate (TFR)   The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years.  
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Malthusian Theory   focuses on how the exponential growth of a population can outpace growth of the food supply and lead to social degradation and disorder  
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Neo-Malthusian Theory   Revisions of Malthusian theory about food production and population growth that include more information, such as taking into account the effects of technology.  
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Boserup Theory   Population growth stimulates intensification in agricultural development- opposite of Malthus theory.  
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immigration policy   government rules governing how individuals can enter a country and how long they are allowed to stay  
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pronatalist   a government policy that encourages or forces childbearing, and outlaws or limits access to contraception  
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antinatalist   Policies that discourage people from having children (China's One Child Policy)  
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contraception   Intentionally preventing pregnancy from occurring  
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Ravenstein's Laws of Migration   A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.  
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xenophobia   a fear or hatred of foreigners or strangers  
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