Anatomy
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| Gluteal Muscles | Tensor Fasciae Latae, Gluteus Maximus, Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus, Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris
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| Muscles of Anterior Thigh | Hip Flexors, Quadriceps Femoris, Sartorius
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| Muscles of Hip Flexors | Iliopsoas
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| Muscles of Quadriceps Femoris | Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Lateralis, Rectus Femoris
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| Muscles of Medial Thigh | Obturator externus, Pectineus, Gracilis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Magnus (adductor part)
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| Muscles of Posterior Thigh | Hamstrings (Adductor Magnus (hamstring part), Semimembranosis, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris)
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| Foramina of the Pelvis | Gap below inguinal ligament; Greater & Lesser sciatic foramina; Obturator canal
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| Movements of the hip | Flexion/ extension; Abduction/ adduction; Internal/ external rotation; Circumduction
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| Compartments of the Lower Extremity: thigh | Anterior, medial, & posterior compartments; fascia lata, intermuscular septa
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| Compartments of the Lower Extremity: leg | Anterior, lateral, & posterior compartments; deep fascia, intermuscular septa, interosseous membrane
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| Superficial Veins of thigh | Superficial to deep fascia; Great saphenous v. Small saphenous v.
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| Varicose veins: MOA | Malfunction of valves in perforating veins; allows blood to flow back via veins, blood backs up
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| Lymphatics: route of drainage from Gr saphenous vein | Great saphenous vein -> superficial inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes
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| Lymphatics: route of drainage from Small saphenous vein | Small saphenous v. -> popliteal nodes -> superifical and deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes
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| Lymphatics: route of drainage from Femoral vein | Femoral vein -> deep inguinal nodes -> external iliac nodes
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| LumboSacral Plexus: Major branches: | Femoral nerve (L2-L4); Obturator nerve (L2-L4); Gluteal nerves (L4-S2); Sciatic nerve (L4-S3)
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| Significance of orientation of hip joint ligaments | Ligaments oriented in spiral fashion -> causes ligaments to become taut with hip extension (reduces energy required to maintain standing position)
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| Borders of femoral triangle | Base (inguinal ligament); medial margin (adductor muscles); lateral margin (sartorius)
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| Branches of the femoral artery | Deep a. of thigh; medial circumflex femoral a.; lateral circumflex femoral a.; perforating arteries
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| Only artery branching directly from femoral artery | Deep artery of thigh (other branches come off the deep a. of thigh)
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| Femoral Nerve gives off cutaneous branches to: | Ant. Thigh; anteromedial knee; medial leg; medial foot
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| Obturator Artery & Nerve run through: | Obturator canal of obturator membrane (not in femoral triangle)
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| Obturator nerve innervates: | All muscles in medial compartment of thigh (except pectineus) and skin over medial thigh
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| Gluteal muscles, in order (sup to inf) | Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris
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| Gluteal muscles innervated by: | Superior & inferior gluteal nerves (gluteus muscles and tensor fascia lata); all other gluteal nerves: directly from branches of sacral plexus
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| Posterior thigh muscles: attachment at knee | Biceps femoris on lateral side; Semitendinosus & semimembranosus on medial side
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| Something cute about gluteal nerves: | No cutaneous innervation from gluteal nerves; cutaneous innervation only directly from sacral plexus
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| What pass thru gap below inguinal ligament? | Iliac a. & v.; iliopsoas mx
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| What pass thru greater sciatic foramen? | Piriformis mx, sciatic n.
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| What pass thru lesser sciatic foramen? | Obturator internis mx
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| Obturator canal is formed by: | ischium & pubis
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| What pass thru obturator canal? | Obturator a. & nerve
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| Obturator foramen is bordered by: | Obturator externis & internis muscles
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| Movements of the knee | Flexion/ extension (also slight rotation)
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| Movements of the foot | Dorsiflexion/ plantarflexion; Inversion/ eversion
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| Fascia in thigh = | fascia lata
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| Fascia lata is anchored: | superiorly to iliac crest and inguinal ligament
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| Fascia lata thickens laterally to form: | iliotibial tract
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| Fascia in leg = | deep fascia of leg
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| Deep fascia of leg: continuous superiorly with: | fascia lata
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| Small saphenous v. is analogous to: | basilic v.
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| Small saphenous v. runs up & joins: | popliteal v.
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| Gr saphenous v. joins femoral v. after traveling thru: | saphenous ring in fascia lata
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| Veins communicating btw deep & superficial veins of legs = | perforating veins
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| Lymphatics of legs follow: | venous system
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| LumboSacral Plexus = Ventral rami of: | L1-S3
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| Femoral nerve (L2-L4) innervates: | Anterior thigh
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| Obturator nerve (L2-L4) innervates: | Medial thigh
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| Gluteal nerves (L4-S2) innervate: | Gluteal muscles
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| Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) innervates: | Posterior thigh, leg, foot
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| Sciatic nerve splits into: | Tibial nerve; common fibular (peroneal) nerve
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| Hip joint includes: | Acetabular labrum; Round ligament; Synovial membrane
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| Acetabular labrum assoc with ____ ligament | Transverse acetabular ligament
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| Round ligament of hip = | ligamentum teres (ligament of femoral head)
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| Round ligament of hip: attaches where? | inside acetabulum
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| Ligaments surrounding hip joint | Pubofemoral, Iliofemoral, & ischiofemoral ligaments
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| Most common hip fracture: | femoral neck fracture
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| Types of hip fractures | Pelvic fractures; femoral neck fracture; avascular necrosis of femoral head
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| Hip dislocation: Types | posterior hip dislocation; hip dysplasia
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| Danger of posterior hip dislocation: | may impinge sciatic nerve
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| Quads: which lies deep to the others? | Vastus intermedius
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| Quads: crossing what | Rectus femoris crosses hip & knee; other quads cross knee only
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| Pes anserinus = tendons of 3 muscles = | Sartorius, semitendinosus, gracilis
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| Femoral Triangle: between: | anterior and medial compartments
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| Femoral Triangle contains: | Femoral nerve, artery, vein, lymphatics (NAVL)
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| Femoral Triangle: analogous to: | axilla
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| Femoral hernia: location | Medial to femoral vein; can emerge through saphenous opening
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| Femoral hernia: prevalence | Occurs more frequently in females
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| Femoral Artery is continuous proximally with: | external iliac a.
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| Femoral Artery becomes: | femoral artery after passing inguinal ligament
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| Femoral Artery runs in: | adductor canal (partly covered by sartorius mx)
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| Femoral Artery passes thru: | adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus m.) and becomes popliteal artery
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| Location of femoral pulse | halfway btw ASIS & pubic tubercle
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| Femoral veins run with: | arteries and share their names
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| Femoral Nerve = lateral to: | femoral artery
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| Muscles that help prevent pelvic tilt (drop) | Gluteal muscles
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| Actions of gluteal muscles | to laterally rotate hip and extend femur
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| Hamstring part of adductor magnus crosses: | Does not cross knee
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| Posterior thigh muscles cross: | Semitend, semimem, & biceps femoris cross hip & knee
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| Lumbar plexus innervates: | Ant. thigh (hip flexors); Ant. thigh (knee extensors); Medial thigh (adductors)
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| Sacral plexus innervates: | Gluteal muscles; Posterior thigh (hamstrings)
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| Iliopsoas innervated by: | femoral n. (lumbar plexus)
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| Quads innervated by: | femoral n.
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| Sartorius innervated by: | femoral n.
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| Obturator externus innervated by: | obturator n.
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| Mx of medial thigh, sometimes included in anterior thigh: | pectineus
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| Pectineus mx innervated by: | femoral n.
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| Medial thigh mx innervation: | mostly obturator n. (exceptions: pectineus, hamstring part of adductor magnus)
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| Femoral Nerve innervates: | all anterior thigh muscles (and pectineus)
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| Gluteal muscles: innervation from: | branches of sacral plexus
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| Innervation of gluteal muscles and TFL: | gluteal nerves
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| Posterior thigh muscles: innervation | tibial part of sciatic nerve
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| Sciatic nerve: motor innervation: | muscles of posterior thigh, all muscles of leg & foot
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| Sciatic nerve: cutaneous innervation: | to skin of lateral leg &foot, sole of foot, & dorsum of foot
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| Sciatic nerve: exits: | greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis muscle
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| Sciatic nerve runs through: | posterior compartment of thigh & into popliteal fossa
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| Sciatic n. splits into: | tibial & common fibular nerves in posterior thigh
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| 12% of sciatic n. passes thru: | piriformis mx
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| 12% of what nerve passes thru piriformis mx? | sciatic n.
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| Fn of Round ligament of hip: | Carries branch of obturator artery to femoral head
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