Ch. 11 Urinary system
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| electrolyte | mineral salt of the body that carries an electrical charge, regulates nerve impulses, muscle contraction, hydration and blood pH
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| filtrate | fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule
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| nitrogenous waste | product of protein metabolism that includes urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia
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| peritoneum | serous membrane taht lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs in the cavity
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| albumin/o | albumin, protein
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| azot/o | nitrogenous compounds
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| cyst/o | bladder
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| vesic/o | bladder
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| glomerul/o | glomerulus
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| kal/i | potassium
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| keton/o | ketone bodies
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| litho/o | stone, calculus
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| meat/o | opening, meatus
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| ren/o | kidney
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| noct/o | night
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| olig/o | scanty
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| py/o | pus
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| pyel/o | renal pelvis
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| ur/o | urine, urinary tract
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| ureter/o | ureter
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| urethr/o | urethra
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| -genesis | forming; producing; orign
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| -iasis | abnormal condition
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| -uria | urine
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| dia- | through, across
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| retro- | backward, behind
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| cystocele | prolapsing of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between the bladder and vagina
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| ESRD | end-stage renal disease; little or o remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival
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| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine; incontinence
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| fistula | abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
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| hydronephrosis | abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and teh calyces of one or both kidneys caused by pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract
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| interstitial cystitis | IC; chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional antibiotic therapy
aka painful bladder syndrome
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| nephrotic syndrome | loss of large amounts of plasma protein, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane
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| neurogenic bladder | impairment of bladder control as a result of brain, spinal cord, or nerve damage
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| polycystic kidney disease | PKD; inherited disease in which cysts develop in the kidneys
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| pyelonephritis | infection of the kidney, usually begins in the urethra or bladder and ascends the ureters to the kidney
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| vesicoureteral reflux | VUR; disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually caused by impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter
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| Wilms tumor | malignant tumor of the kidney that usually occurs in children; aka nephroblastoma
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| electromyography | EMG; measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra
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| blood urea nitrogen test | BUN; determines the amount of nitrogen in the blood that comes from urea
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| culture and sensitivity test | C&S; determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various antibiotics
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| urinalysis | UA; urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests and microscopic evaluation
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| intravenous pyelography | IVP; imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium. aka excretory urography
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| renal nuclear scan | nuclear imaging test using a readioactive tracer injected intravenously to produce images of the kidneys
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| voiding cystourethrography | VCUG; x-ray of teh bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging
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| nephrostomy | opening created between the skin and kidney to drain urine through a tube outside the body when the ureters are unable to do so
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| ureteral stent placement | insertion of a thin, narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney
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