A&P II - Human Blood
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| show | 1) transport nutrients, gases, and wastes, 2) regulates pH levels and temperature, 3) Restricts fluid loss, 4) Defends Body Against Toxins & Pathogens
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| blood is what kind of tissue | show 🗑
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| show | blood is 5 times more viscous than water
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| what are the components of blood | show 🗑
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| out of all the three main elements that make up the blood, which one makes up a majority of blood volume | show 🗑
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| name the three types of proteins in the blood that are part of fluid matrix | show 🗑
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| where are the plasma proteins mostly produced | show 🗑
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| out of the three plasma proteins (fibrinogen/albumin/globulin) is the most abundant | show 🗑
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| what is the main plasma protein that contributes to osmolarity and osmotic pressure in capillaries | show 🗑
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| what are the plasma proteins that become antibodies (Immunoglobulins, Ig) | show 🗑
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| where is all albumin made? | show 🗑
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| why is fibrogen an important protein in blood plasma | show 🗑
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| show | fibrogen become fibrin during the clotting process
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| what leaves a serum during the clotting process | show 🗑
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| show | fibrogen (after it becomes fibrin) removes Ca++ during the clotting process
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| plasma and serum (can be used interchangably/are different things) | show 🗑
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| show | plasma expanders temporarily increases blood volume
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| what is an ideal time to use a plasma expander | show 🗑
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| where is fibrinogen synthesized? | show 🗑
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| show | if the liver is not functioning, plasma proteins like albumin and fibrinogen are not synthesized
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| show | there will be clotting disorders because necessary proteins like fibrinogen are not produces
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| show | there will be problems with osmolarity and osmotic pressure, if the liver fails to produce enough albumin
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| what is hematopoesis | show 🗑
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| platelets are (cell fragments/whole cells) | show 🗑
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| what is the process called that synthesizes Red Blood Cells | show 🗑
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| show | red blood cells contain hemoglobin
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| show | hemoglobin is the protein/molecule that transports respiratory gases
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| what is the most abundant formed element in blood | show 🗑
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| show | whole blood
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| show | water
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| show | formed elements abundance
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| show | red bone marrow
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| red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone _____________________. | show 🗑
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| the average life span of a red blood cell is | show 🗑
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| show | more bilirubin appears in the plasma
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| show | carry dissolved gases
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| show | four iron atoms
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| show | both ABO and R blood groups
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| show | neutrophils
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| the function of platelets is to assist in the processes called | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasmic fragments of large cells
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| show | vitamin K
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| show | 4 (four)
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| a decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood, for any reason, is a condition known as | show 🗑
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| show | positive
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| what is another term for formed elements | show 🗑
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| show | hematocrit makes up 45% and plasma makes up 55% of blood volume
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| hematocrit includes (PICK ONE: Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, Platelets, All the above) | show 🗑
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| show | the process in which formed elements are developed
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| what is the process that forms Red Blood cells | show 🗑
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| show | red blood cells
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| which molecule in blood has a sole function to transport respiratory gases | show 🗑
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| show | 4.5-6.3
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| about how many RBC's are there in women (per microLiter) | show 🗑
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| what is a blood draw | show 🗑
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| what vein is commonly used when drawing blood for analysis? (looking from the outside of the body, where is this vessel generally located) | show 🗑
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| show | venipuncture
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| give three reasons why veins are the ideal location for blood draw | show 🗑
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| what are some alternative locations for blood draws if the antecubital region is unavailable | show 🗑
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| show | to test levels of blood gases, indicates lung function
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| show | 1) plasma (yellow hue) contains plasma proteins, electrolytes, and other dissolved elements, 2) buffy coat, includes white blood cells and platelets, 3) Red blood cells only
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| show | it is the red blood cell layer and the buffy coat layer
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| what does it mean if the buffy coat increases in size | show 🗑
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| how does dehydration affect the blood | show 🗑
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| how does an increase in erythropoietin affect the | show 🗑
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| with internal bleeding, what happens to formed element volume | show 🗑
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| when there are problems with RBC formation, what happens to the volume of hematocrit | show 🗑
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| what would you call a decrease in the number of reticulocytes | show 🗑
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| a hypo-mean corpuscular volume is | show 🗑
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| show | increased RBC/Hemoglobin/Hematocrit counts
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| what is reticulosis | show 🗑
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| what is erythrocytosis | show 🗑
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| what is hypochromic | show 🗑
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| if a person is macrocytotic it means that | show 🗑
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| if a person is hyperchromic it means that | show 🗑
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| generally speaking, what is the average pH of blood | show 🗑
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| show | the red blood cell
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| show | spectrin proteins give RBC's their shape and flexibility
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| what is the special shape that give RBC's their special features | show 🗑
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| show | spectrin protein creates a mesh work in the plasma membrane
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| what are the three major advantages of the shape of red blood cells | show 🗑
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| why is it important to have a large surface area in red blood cells | show 🗑
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| what is rouleaux | show 🗑
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| why is it important for RBC's to have the ability to stack in small vessels | show 🗑
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| during RBC development, it (keeps/looses) its organelles | show 🗑
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| show | nucleus and mitochonria
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| why do RBC's have relatively short life spans | show 🗑
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| why is it important that an RBC does not have mitochondria | show 🗑
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| show | RBC obtain energy from anaerobic metabolism, so they do not steal O2 from Hemoglobin during transport AND because they do not have mitochondria
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| in the lungs (or other locations where the O2 concentration is high), what happens to the balance of the oxyhemoglobin chemical equation | show 🗑
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| show | heme gives hemoglobin it's red color
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| show | globin is the protein that gives hemoglobin its shape
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| what are the names of the four chains that make up the hemoglobin structure | show 🗑
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| show | hemoglobin fits one oxygen molecule per chain
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| show | myoglobin
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| show | iron (specifically Fe2+)
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| oxygen attaches to (Fe2+/Fe4+) | show 🗑
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| what part of the hemoglobin molecule has iron included in the structure | show 🗑
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| the interaction between Iron and Oxygen is very (strong/weak) | show 🗑
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| what is deoxyhemoglobin | show 🗑
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| in peripheral tissues (where oxygen is low) which way does the oxyhemoglobin chemical equation equilibrium favor | show 🗑
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| how does fetal hemoglobin differ from adult hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| (fetal/adult) hemoglobin forms stronger bonds with oxygen | show 🗑
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| when does fetal hemoglobin become adult hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| what is carboxyhemoglobin | show 🗑
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| why is carbon monoxide so dangerous | show 🗑
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| how is sickle cell anemia generally treated | show 🗑
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| what is sickle cell anemia | show 🗑
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| show | the HbO2 equation favors the left
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| what is the main problem with anemia | show 🗑
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| show | weakness, lethargy, and confusion (if the brain is affected)
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| show | RBC plasma membrane ruptures at the end of life
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| what happens to an RBC after its membrane has ruptured | show 🗑
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| what is erythropoiesis | show 🗑
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| what are the two main stimulants for erythropoiesis | show 🗑
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| show | red blood cells appear during 3rd week of pregnancy
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| during the first 8 weeks of pregnancy, where does the formation of RBC's start | show 🗑
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| show | liver, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow
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| show | after the 1st 8 weeks of pregnancy
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| between 2-5 months of pregnancy, where is the primary location for erythropoiesis | show 🗑
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| show | myeloid tissue of the red bone marrow
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| what is yellow bone marrow | show 🗑
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| show | yellow marrow CAN transition to red marrow
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| show | hemoblasts (or hematopoietic stem cells)
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| what are the two types of daughter cells that can be produced after hematopoietic stem cells divide | show 🗑
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| what types of blood cells are formed from myeloid stem cells | show 🗑
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| what types of blood cells are formed from lymphoid stem cells | show 🗑
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| how many stages are in RBC production | show 🗑
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| show | proerytheroblast
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| show | reticulocyte
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| how long do recticulocytes stay in the red bone marrow prior to release | show 🗑
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| when reticulocytes are released in to blood stream they (are/are not) fully mature RBC's | show 🗑
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| what happens in to the reticulocyte after it has been released from red bone marrow (three things happen) | show 🗑
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| what happens when there are lots of reticulocytes and not enough RBC's | show 🗑
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| erythropoietin (is/is not) a banned substance for athletes | show 🗑
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| show | doping for athletes and treatment of kidney disease
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| what are the three situations in which kidneys release EPO | show 🗑
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| show | an autoimmune disease where intrinsic factor is destroyed
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| why is intrinsic factor so important | show 🗑
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| show | stomach
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| show | Vitamin B-12 IS NOT destroyed, intrinsic factor is destroyed
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| what are the two main effects of EPO | show 🗑
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| show | can put a strain on the heart of healthy individuals because of increased blood volume
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| show | anemia CAN result from prolonged blood loss
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| what are three major nutrients needed for RBC formation that cannot be made inside the body | show 🗑
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| what is the source of vitamin b-12 | show 🗑
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| what is the effect of gastric reduction on RBC formation | show 🗑
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| what are the three things that hemoglobin is broken down to at RBC are separated into at the end of their life | show 🗑
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| what part of hemoglobin eventually becomes bilirubin | show 🗑
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| show | through the bile (from gall bladder)
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| show | excess bilirubin is found in the blood plasma and gives skin and eye jaundice color
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| what is the name of the molecule that gives the skin it's yellow pigment color during jaundice | show 🗑
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| what WBC assists with the hemoglobin recycling | show 🗑
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| show | in the spleen
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| what is the substance from recycled hemoglobin that combines with the protein transferrin | show 🗑
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| show | they are broken down into their respective amino acids which are recycled by the body to form new proteins
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| what is hemoglobinuria | show 🗑
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| what is hematouria | show 🗑
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| show | when blood vessels in kidneys have been damaged
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| show | 1) after a person has moved up to the mountains, 2) after doping, 3) chronic smoking and their body has produced more RBC
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| why can polycythemia be potentially dangerous | show 🗑
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| show | a type of cancer that produces too many RBC's
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| before becoming bilirubin, heme from recycled hemoglobin becomes _____________________ | show 🗑
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| what protein does bilirubin combine with prior to being excreted in bile | show 🗑
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| show | urobilinogens (urobilins when exposed to oxygen) and stercobilinogens (stercobilins when exposed to oxygen)
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| show | it is reabsorbed by the body
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| show | urobilinogens are excreted through the urine
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| show | leaves via stool
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| show | ferritin and hemosiderin
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| generally speaking, anemia is more of a (symptom/disease) | show 🗑
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| show | anemia
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| what are three main causes for anemia | show 🗑
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| show | antigens
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| what are surface antigens | show 🗑
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| show | surface antigens
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| what type of antigen are used to help with blood typing | show 🗑
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| show | the presence (or absence) of different surface antigens
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| name the for ABO blood types | show 🗑
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| show | electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes
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| show | ferritin and hemosiderin
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| the process of hemostasis include five phases. what are the correct order of phases as they occur after injury? | show 🗑
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| how is it that liver disorders can alter the composition and functional properties of the blood | show 🗑
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| show | hemoglobin molecules are excreted via the kidneys
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| on average, 1 microliter of blood contains _____________________ erythrocytes | show 🗑
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| If. agglutinogen B meets with agglutinin anti-A, what is the results? | show 🗑
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| show | hemocytoblasts
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| show | erythrocytes
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| In the first pregnancy of an Rh-negative mother with an Rh-positive child , why are there usually NO symptoms or erythroblastosis fetalis. | show 🗑
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| the number of eosinophils increase dramatically during _____________________________ | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytes
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| show | activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which indicates the production of plasmin
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| show | a breakdown of the common pathway, inactivating the clotting system
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| show | sickle cell anemia
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| Jessica has just moved to Yellowstone Country, Montana from San Diego, California. What condition is she experiencing no that is stimulating the production of erythropoietin and, consequently more red blood cells | show 🗑
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| which white blood cell attacks and digests bacteria marked with its complement | show 🗑
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| which white blood cell releases histamine and heparin, when stimulated | show 🗑
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| show | eosinophils
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| what white blood cell is responsible for cell-mediated (or humoral) immunity | show 🗑
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| show | monocytes
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| which blood type has surface antigen A and anti-B antibodies | show 🗑
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| which blood type has surface antigen B and anti-A antibodies | show 🗑
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| which blood type has surface antigens A and B and no antibodies | show 🗑
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| show | Type O blood has no surface antigens, anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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| which blood type has Rh surface antigen, and no antibodies | show 🗑
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| show | 1) hemocytoblast, 2) proerythroblast, 3) normoblast, 4) reticulocyte, 5) erythrocyte
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| show | adult female would normally have 4-5 liters of blood
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| show | immunoglobin
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| show | fibrinogen
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| show | albumin does not transport iron
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| which blood cells are the most abundant (erythrocytes/neutrophils/platelets/monocytes) | show 🗑
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| show | reticulocytes account for about 1%
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| what is the range of normal hematocrit | show 🗑
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| it is an illegal practice for Olympic competitors to receive doses of which hormone, which stimulates the production of red blood cells | show 🗑
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| show | Rh-negative woman, with an Rh-positive man
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| which white blood cell is also known as a polymorph | show 🗑
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| During an infection, the white blood cell count may rise, a condition known as | show 🗑
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| bleeding along the digestive tract and within the skin is symptomatic of _____________________ | show 🗑
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| show | thrombocytosis
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| syneresis refers to the process of ________________ | show 🗑
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| what type of surface antigen does Type A have | show 🗑
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| show | Type B blood has type B surface antigen
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| what type of surface antigen does Type AB have | show 🗑
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| show | Type O blood has no surface antigen
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| show | Type Rh positive blood has Rh surface antigen (Rh factor)
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| what type of surface antigen does the Rh negative have | show 🗑
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| show | agglutinogens are the surface antigens on Red Blood Cells
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| show | agglutinogens are ignored by the immune system and help identify read blood cells as "self"
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| show | agglutinins are antibodies in blood plasma
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| what attacks antigens on "foreign" RBCs causing the blood to clot | show 🗑
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| what does it mean to agglutinate | show 🗑
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| If you have Type A blood, what type of antibodies do you have | show 🗑
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| show | type B blood has anti-A antibodies
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| show | type o blood has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
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| if you have type AB blood, what type of antibodies do you have | show 🗑
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| show | Rh positive blood have no Rh antibodies
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| what type of antibodies does Rh negative blood have | show 🗑
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| show | white bloods cells have nuclei and other organells
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| show | white blood cells help defend against invaders
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| show | lymphatic system and connective tissue proper
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| show | diapedesis is the ability that a WBC has to pass through the intact walls of the capillaries
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| what are 3 major functions of white blood cells | show 🗑
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| show | a greater than average/normal number of blood cells in the body
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| show | margination is the WBC's ability to contact and adhere to a vessel wall
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| what can cause a WBC to migrate out of a blood stream | show 🗑
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| show | diapedesis is another term for emigration
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| show | a gliding motion that is similar to the movement of an ameobiod
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| show | the attractions that white blood cells have to specific chemical stimuli
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| show | white blood cells have positive chemotaxis properties
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| show | positive chemotaxis attracts inactive WBCs to pathogens, damaged tissue, and other active WBCs
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| name the two groups of white blood cells | show 🗑
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| what are the three types of granulocytes | show 🗑
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| show | under a microscope, granulocytes have many granulations in the the cytoplasm
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| what group of white blood cells have lobed nuclei | show 🗑
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| which white blood cell contains granulocytes in its cytoplasm, has a nucleus with 4 to 5 lobes, and appears colorless under a microscope | show 🗑
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| name all the types of agranulocytes in blood | show 🗑
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| what group of white blood cells are classified by having little to no granules in its cytoplasm | show 🗑
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| show | neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and monocytes
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| which white blood cells are also called microphages | show 🗑
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| macrophages are _____________________ that have moved out of the blood stream and are actively phagocytic | show 🗑
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| show | lymphocytes (B and T cells) are part of specifi
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| show | lymphocytes
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| which white blood cell makes up 70% of the bodies WBC population | show 🗑
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| show | neutrophils are the first to arrive and attack
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| show | neutrophils release prostaglandins and leukotrienes that help with capillary permeability ant contribute to inflammations
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| what chemical released by neutrophils helps attract phagocytes and coordinate immune response | show 🗑
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| show | 10 hours (30 minutes when engulfing pathogens)
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| show | 12 - 24 bacteria
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| what is included in pus | show 🗑
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| what is a three letter word for a substance that includes cellular debris, wastes, and dead WBC's | show 🗑
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| show | eosinophils have bilobed nucleus and attack object that are covered in antibodies
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| what is the primary mode of attack for eosinophils | show 🗑
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| eosinophils are especially effective against what type of invaders | show 🗑
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| show | eosinophils are sensitive to circulating allergens
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| at an injury site, which white blood cell releases enzymes that reduce inflammation and helps control the spread of inflammation to adjacent tissues | show 🗑
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| show | basophil are the rarest white blood cells
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| ____________________________ migrate to an injury site by crossing the capillary endothelium | show 🗑
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| which white blood cell discharges granules containing histamine and heparin into interstitial fluids | show 🗑
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| what is the function of histamine | show 🗑
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| what is the function of heparin | show 🗑
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| show | basophils help with dilation of blood vessels and help prevent blood clotting
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| the chemicals released by basophils attract which other white blood cells | show 🗑
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| what white blood cell spends a relatively short life in circulation then migrates to the peripheral tissue where it becomes a macrophage | show 🗑
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| which white blood cell has the capability to engulf foreign objects that are larger than themselves | show 🗑
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| activated monocytes release chemical that attract and stimulate what other cells | show 🗑
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| show | fibroblasts begin producing scar tissue and begin to wall of the injured area
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| show | most lymphocytes are located in CONNECTIVE TISSUE and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM than in the blood stream
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| name the three types of lymphocytes | show 🗑
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| what type of immunity are T Cells responsible for | show 🗑
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| show | the T lymphocytes are responsible for specific immunity
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| show | T Cells control the activities of other Lymphocytes
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
kandriot
Popular Physiology sets