Biostatistics, communication, ethical and legal principles
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| Science of making statements about an entire population from a limited sample of that population. | show 🗑
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| show | Parameter
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| show | Parameter and Statistic
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| Gives you the estimate for the parameter; numeric characteristic of the sample; known value | show 🗑
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| show | Simple Random Sample
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| Carried out in subgroups (strata) to ensure that selections will be made from each level of the subgroup; every age, sex, race, socioeconomic status | show 🗑
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| show | Cluster Sampling
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| Selecting items/people iin a block of predetermined size; biased, not random | show 🗑
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| show | Convenience Sample
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| show | Simple Random and Stratified Random Samples
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| show | Cluster, Quota, and Convenience Samples
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| Drawn when you are able to identify and have access to all members of the population of interest. | show 🗑
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| Use when access to entire population is not available; pros outweigh the risks of having a biased sample | show 🗑
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| show | Variables
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| show | Dependent Variables
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| show | Independent Variables
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| show | Nominal
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| show | Ordinal
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| Scale is equally spaced; difference between two points is meaningful; no set zero | show 🗑
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| Has meaning on a scale and a set zero | show 🗑
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| Name the categorical variables | show 🗑
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| show | Interval and Ratio
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| show | Calculate descriptive statistics and calculate inferential statistics
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| show | Frequency table, Histogram, and Bar charts
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| show | To few intervals
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| May give too much detail, losing the ability to obtain an overall feel for the distribution | show 🗑
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| Divide actual frequency by total number of observations and multiply by 100(% of subjects should = 100%) | show 🗑
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| Used for continuous variables (interval and ratio) | show 🗑
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| show | Histogram
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| show | Bar Charts
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| show | Bar charts
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| Characteristics of data found within the sample of individuals in whom the study was conducted | show 🗑
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| Types of descriptive statistics? | show 🗑
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| A set of values, attitudes, and behaviors that place the client's self interest before the self-interest of the professional | show 🗑
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| Appropriate intervals are chosen & a number is computed for measurements falling within each interval; intervals = width; width of intervals determines the # of intervals | show 🗑
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| show | measure of central tendency
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| This says nothing about the variability among the data | show 🗑
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| What are the 3 measures of central tendency? | show 🗑
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| show | Mode
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| show | Mode
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| show | Median
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| show | Median
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| Useful for describing the central tendency of ordinal categorical variables, as well as continous variables | show 🗑
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| show | Mean
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| Makes sense with continous variables but may be used for ordinal variables | show 🗑
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| show | Median
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| The point at which the shape would balance if a pivot was placed under the curve | show 🗑
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| If median is used then data is described by? | show 🗑
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| show | measure of central tendency
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| Value in which "x" percent of numbers fall below it and the remainder fall above it | show 🗑
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| Divide data into four; lower is 25th and upper is the 75th | show 🗑
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| What is the square root of the variance? | show 🗑
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| Plays a central role in many statistics; used to calculate probabilities | show 🗑
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| show | Small
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| If observation have the same value, the standard deviation will be? | show 🗑
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| If observation are more spread out, the standard deviation may be influenced by? | show 🗑
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| How do you calculate variance? | show 🗑
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| How to calculate standard deviation? | show 🗑
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| show | 95%
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| _____% of data fall within one standard deviation from the mean? | show 🗑
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| _____% of data fall between one and two standard deviations from the mean? | show 🗑
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| _____% of all data fall within three standard deviations from the mean? | show 🗑
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| show | To find the relationship between two variables
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| show | Use a frequency table
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| If relationships between two variables are both continious: | show 🗑
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| show | correlation coefficient
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| show | cross tabulated data
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| show | Statistical inference
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| Used when estimating a population parameter | show 🗑
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| Statement of no relationship between an exposure and outcome | show 🗑
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| show | Alternative hypothesis
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| Choosing the appropriate statistical test | show 🗑
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| X2 (chi-square) test | show 🗑
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| show | One-sample t-test
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| Two samples groups that are related and when only one independent variable is tested | show 🗑
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| show | P-value
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| If you reject the null when the null hypothesis is true | show 🗑
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| show | Type II error
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| show | Code of ethics
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| What is a critical professional responsibility? | show 🗑
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| show | Ethics
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| Is the discipline related to the ethical implications of biologic research methods and results? | show 🗑
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| show | Utilitarian ethics, decontological ethics, and virtue ethics
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| show | Decontological ethics
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| show | Utilitarian ethics
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| Based on the concept of the moral, virtuous, health care provider striving for excellence | show 🗑
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| show | beneficence
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| show | Autonomy
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| Tellin the truth, honesty, and integrity | show 🗑
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| Fairness and equality | show 🗑
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| Avoid harming the patient | show 🗑
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| show | Fidelity
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| show | Confidentiality
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| Working in a manner that benefits all people | show 🗑
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| show | Cultural competence
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| Awareness that cultural differences and similarities exist, without assigning values | show 🗑
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| Familiarization with the selected cultural characteristics, history, values, belief systems, and behaviors of members of another ethnic group | show 🗑
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| show | Ethical dilemma
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| Two areas of civil law? | show 🗑
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| Usually the first section written, begins with a thorough search of the available literature on the topic | show 🗑
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| show | methodology
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| show | results
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| Provides the reader with the author's thoughts on what the results mean and the significance of the results ot the profession. | show 🗑
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| A fluid portion of the paper | show 🗑
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| show | abstract and title
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| show | Laws
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| show | Law
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| Described as the minimum standard required to keep a society functioning | show 🗑
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| show | Public law
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| show | Private or cival laws
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| show | Civil law
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| A violation of an agreement or promise between two persons to do or not to do something | show 🗑
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| Means that one side of the case must demonstrate a greater weight of evidence than the other side | show 🗑
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| A legal term meaning something of value is bargained | show 🗑
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| show | Expressed contract
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| show | Implied contract
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| show | Tort law
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| Damages over and above the award to compensate for harm | show 🗑
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| show | intentional tort
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| When a dental provider, in the course of treatment, exceeds the consent provided by a patient | show 🗑
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| show | Assault
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| A false statement or deceptive practice with intent to injure someone | show 🗑
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| Wrongful act of injuring someone's reputation by making false statements in writing(libel) or verbally (slander) | show 🗑
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| Described as dishonest or deceitful practices in depriving or attempting to deprive another of his or her rights | show 🗑
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| Injury or interference with the property of another | show 🗑
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| show | Duty
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| show | Standard of care
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| show | Informed consent
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| Protects the provider from subsequent allegations of negligence | show 🗑
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| show | Administrative law
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| Who enacts the state's dental practice act | show 🗑
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| show | Direct supervision
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| show | Collaborative practice
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| The length of time during which a legal action must be taken and can be a state law or part of a statute | show 🗑
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