Chap4History
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| What is the term for taming animals? | domestication
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| What does the word Mesopotamia mean? | the land between the rivers
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| What are two rivers located in the region known as the Fertile Crescent? | Euphrates and Tigris
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| Describe the process of the soil becoming fertile in this desert region. | irrigation, a system of that supplies dry land with water through ditches, pipes, or streams
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| Describe a levee and explain its purpose. | a bank built along a river to prevent floods from ruining crops
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| What did the Sumerians invent to make planting the crops easier and more efficient? | a plow for fields
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| Describe the ziggurat. | a pyramid shaped structure with a temple on top
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| Describe the process for creating bricks for building structures | They used mud and shaped them into bricks. Then lay them out in the sun to bake. They become mud bricks
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| What type of cloth did they have available for making clothing? | fine wool from their sheep
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| What were the two ways of becoming a slave (2)? | being caught in war or not paying taxes
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| Why were small statues left by citizens at the temple? | The statues keep on praying while the people go about their daily chores
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| According to the Sumerians who created the laws they must follow? | the Gods
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| What are some of the duties of the king (3)? | makes judgements when people have arguments, controls trade with other cities, decides who gets to farm the fields, makes sure that gods temples are in good repair, and makes sure that all the right offerings are made
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| What was the interior base of the ziggurat used for (2)? | Work offices and storage for grain
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| What were the items that were taxed (2)? | sheep, bags of grain, livestock, fish, funerals
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| What is "burden" and how was it paid? | the tax that every male head of household has to pay. Its paid in time not goods.
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| What expenses do the taxes in Sumer cover (2)? | army, repairs and improvement to the city
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| Do the taxes we pay in the United States today cover the same expenses as the taxes the Sumerians paid? Explain your answer and give examples and details to support your response. | Yes they cover the same expenses. Federal taxes cover things like the army which protect us and the government services like road repair, bridges, and tunnels. These would be similar to those uses in the Sumerian days.
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| How were the priests able to predict the floods? | calendars
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| What are three of the inventions of the Sumerians (3)? | the wheel, chariot, sailboat, plow, potters wheel
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| Why did writing first begin? | to keep records, a way to share information,
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| What did their first form of writing look like? | It was made up of 1,200 different characters. Characters represented such things as names, physical objects , numbers
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| What was their new system of writing called? | cuneiform
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| What were the two items needed to write with (2)? | stylus and clay tablet
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| What is the school called where students learned to write? | tablet school
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| How long did take to learn to write? | Years of training
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| What were the people called that did the writing? | scribe
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| What are some of the items that they wrote down (3)? | records of everything that happens each year,
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| What does the word cuneiform mean? | a system of writing developed by the Sumerians that used wedge shaped marks made in soft clay
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| What are stories about deities (gods and goddesses) called? | Epic
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| Why do the Sumerians believe the gods created humans? | They created humans to rule the cities
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| What is a very long story (usually in poetic form) called? | epic long poem that tells the story of a hero
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| How many tablets was Gilgamesh written on? | 12
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| When did Gilgamesh rule? | Sometime around 2000 B.C.
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| Who was Gilgamesh? | A god and a human
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| What was Gilgamesh's greatest fear? | death
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| When did Sumerians invent cuneiform? | 3200 B.C.
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| City-states rise in Sumer | 3000 B.C.
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| Sargon conquers Sumer | 2340 B.C.
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| Hammurabi becomes king of babylonian empire | 1792 B.C.
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| Chaldean and Medes caputured Nineveh | 612 B.C.
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| Assyrians control Mesopotamia | 900 B.C.
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| Persians recognized that the Chaldeans had lost their strength and leadership. Captured Babylon and Mesopotamia part of their empire | 539 B.C.
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| Empire | a group of many different lands under one ruler
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| Who was Sargon? | an ambitious leader who ruled the people of Akkad. He became the king of Sumer and Akkad. He formed the worlds first empire.
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| Who formed the worlds first empire? | Sargon
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| Who was Hammarabi? | The Babylonian king that created the Babylonian empire
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| What is silt? | small particle of soil
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| What is irrigation? | method of watering crops
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| surpluses | extra amounts
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| The flooded rivers of Mesopotamia carried small particles of rich soil called | silt
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| An Artisan | specializes in making goods
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| In Sumerian city-states, people worshipped their gods in a temple called a | ziggurat
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| A Sumerian farmer was not | a member of the lower class
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| Which of the following did Sumerians use to write cuneiform? | Reeds
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| Epic of Gilgamesh | The worlds oldest known story
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| Sumerians invented | the wheel
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| What does Sharrum-kin mean? | “the true king.”
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| The Code of Hammurabi | is the most complete collection of Babylonian law that remains today. This set of laws is among the oldest in the world
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| Where can The Code of Hammurabi be seen | Louvre Museum in Paris, France
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| A group of merchants traveling together for safety, usually with a large number of camels | caravan
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| having to do with soldiers, weapons, or war | military
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| a person who studies planets and stars | astronomer
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| a payment made to a ruler or state as a sign of surrender | tribute
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| a large territory or group of many territories governed by one ruler | empire
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| a territory governed as a political district of a country or empire | province
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| a set of official laws | code
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| Chaldeans believed that honoring ----------- would bring crops and peace to their empire | Marduk
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| Merchants | came to the city in traveling groups called caravans
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| Perians | conquered Babylon
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| The Assyrian army was made up of infantry, cavalry, and | charioteers
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| An Assyrian king named-----------made one of the worlds first libraries | Ashurbanipal
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| The ruler of Akkad who formed the worlds first empire was | Sargon
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| It is believed that -------------built Babylon's hanging gardens to please his wife | Nebuchadnezzar
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| The ---------empire crumbled after Nineveh was destroyed | Assyrian
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| Around 2340 B.C.----------- created the worlds first empire | Sargon
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| Hammurabi's law code influenced later law codes, including | Greece and Rome
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| Assyrian kings divided their empire into political districts called | provinces
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| One of the key factors in the success of the Assyrian army was their use --------weapons | iron
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| Strongly influenced the Assyrians | the Babylonians
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| What was the capital of Assyrian Empire? | Nineveh
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| Who built the Hanging Gardens of Babylon? | Neebuchadnezzar
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| Who conquered the Assyrian Empire? | Babylonians
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| Babylonian ---------sold goods to passing caravans | artisans
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