vocabulary
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| demography | the study of population
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| population geography | focus on the spatial aspects of demography
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| population policies | policies that countries have dealing with control over immigration and internal relocation
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| population distribution and density | the locations on the Earth's surface where individuals live
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| dot map | population density and distribution map
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| arithmetic population density | the population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. Population of area divided by the number of sq. miles or km.
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| physiologic population density | The number of people per unit area of agriculturally productive land.
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| arable land | farmable
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| largest population concentrations | all found in Eurasia
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| megalopolis | huge urban agglomerations
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| census | a periodic and official count of a country's population
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| 100,000 people | one dot on a world population density map
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| linear growth | increases occur in uniform amount during a series of equal time periods.
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| exponential growth | cumulative or compound growth (of a population) over a given period of time
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| doubling time | the time required for a population to double in size
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| population explosion | the rapid groth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase
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| Composition | population's make up in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education
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| Population structure | graphic representation (profile) of a population according to age and work
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| age-sex pyramid | graphic representation (profile) of a population showing the percentages of the total population by age and sex, normally in five-year groups
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| demography | the study of population
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| natural increase | the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a specific time period
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| crude birth rate | the number of live births per year per thousand people in the population
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| crude death rate | the number of deaths per thousand
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| total fertility rate | measure of the number of children born to women of childbearing age
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| infant mortality | a figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population.
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| Demographic Change | TP=OP+B-D+I-E
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| demographic cycle | sequence of stages observed in the population records of several European countries.
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| demographic transition | represented by stages 2 (early expanding stage) and 3 (late expanding stage during which high birth & death rates decline.
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| High Stationary stage | with high fertility (births) and high morality (deaths) and variable population, but little long-term growth
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| Early Expanding Stage | with high fertility and declining mortality
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| Late Expanding Stage | with declining fertility but, as a result of already-low mortality, continuing significant growth
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| Low Stationary Stage | with low fertility and low mortality, and very low rate of growth.
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| Stationary population level (spl) | The level when the world's population would stabilize and that the major problems to be faced would involve the aged rather than the young.
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| Egalitarian societies | persisted long after agriculture was introduced.
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| state | Politically organized territory that is administered by a sovereign government and recognized by significant portion of intern'l community. A state must contain permanent resident population, organized economy, and functioning internal circulation system
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| formative era | period between 7000 b.p. and 5000 b.p.. Development of states and urbanization, going hand in hand, in SW Asia.
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| Agricultural Revolution | transformation of agricultural practices, systems, and production.
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| First Agricultural revolution | dating back 10k yrs, achieved plant and animal domestication.
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| Second Agricultural revolution | dovetailed with and benefited ffrom the Industrial revolution and witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce.
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| Third Agricultural revolution | currently in progress. is based on new high-yielding strains of grains and other crops developed by genetic engineering.
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| Arable land | Literally, cultivable. Land fit for cultivation by one farming method over another.
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| agglomeration | A process involving the clustering or concentrating of people or activities. The term often refers to manufacturing plants & businesses that benefit from close proximity because they share skilled-labor pools and technological and financial amenities.
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| Arithmetic population density | population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit.
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| Agricultural density | The number of inhabitants per unit of agricultural land. As used in population geography, agricultural density excludes urban residents so that it reflects the pressure of population in rural areas.
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| Physiologic density | measures the total population, urban and rural, against the agricultural land.
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| circulation | in political geography, the system of integration and movement through language, education, transportation, and communications.
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| demographic tranistion model | multistg mod based on W Euro exper, chgs in populaton grwth exhibitied by countries undergoing industrializion. Hi brth & dth rates followed by plunging dth rates, producing net population gain; followed by convergence brth & dth rates at lo overall level
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| density | a description of the quantity per unit area of a given object or living organism.
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| distance decay | The various degenerative effects of distance on human spatial structures and interactions
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| Endemic | A disease that is particular to a locality or region.
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| Ethnic | A basis for human identity based on a combination of pieople's cultural traints (traditions, customs, languate, and religion) and ideas abou their ancestry and race.
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| Industrial Revolution | term applied to the social and economic chgs in agriculture, commerce, and manufacturing that resulted from technological innovations and specialization in late-eighteenth century Europe
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| life expectancy | indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state.
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| one child policy | official policy launched by China in 1979 to induce married couples to have only one child in an effort to control population growth
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| pandemic | An outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide
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| population explosion | the rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase.
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| population geography | A subdivision of human geography that focuses on the spatial aspects of demography and influence of demographic change on particular places.
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| Pull factor | positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attract people to new locales from other areas.
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| Push Factor | negative conditions and perceptions that induce people to leave their abode and migrate to a new locale
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| Race | categorization of human s based on skin color and other physical characteristics. Racial categories include social, political, biological differences.
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| refugees | people who have been dislocated involuntarily from their original place of settlement.
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| restrictive population policy | government policy designed to reduce the rate of natural increase.
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| Ecumene | The portion of the world's land surface that is permanently settled by human beings.
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| Totalitarian/Authoritarian | government whose leaders rule by absolute control, tolerating no differences of political opinion.
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