Vocabulary
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| Ataxia | Tremor like movement with delayed initation
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| Adiadochokinesia | "Not moving together" to preform rapid movements
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| Dysmetria | Faulty distance between two points (inability to estimate ROM to reach target)
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| Dyssynergia | Faulty woking together (movement appears jerky)
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| Tremors (2 types) | 1. Intentional tremors
2. Resting tremors
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| Dysarthria | Faulty speech
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| Nystagmus | Involuntary control of the eyeballs
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| Choreiform movements | Uncontrolled, irregular, purposeless, quick, and jerky motions
(may happen in sleep)
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| Athetoid movements | Slow, worm-like motions (does not happen in sleep)
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| Spasms | Sudden involuntary muscle contractions
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| Ballism | One side of the body
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| Dystonia | Faulty muscle tone or tension
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| Hypotonicity | Flaccidity of muscle, muscles feel soft, no resistance, and cannot hold position
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| Hypertonicity | Spasticity/ increased resistance to passive stretch
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| Hypertonicity (mild, moderate, and severe) | Mild - may feel resistance during PROM (full ROM is attainable)
Moderate - constant resistance during PROM (full ROM is attainable)
Severe- strong resistance during PROM
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| Parietal Lobe | Responsible for sensory information that had to do with taste, temperature, and touch.
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| Temporal Lobe | Responsible for processing auditory information from the ears
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| Occipital Lobe | Responsible for processing visual information from the eyes
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| Frontal Lobe | Responsible for mental processing
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| Feedback | Provide information about performance
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| Feedforward | Uses sensory information to plan movement
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| Olfactory sensation | Declines with age, decreased sense of smell affects the ability to taste,
influences emotional state and evokes memories
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| Hyposmia | Diminished sense of smell
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| Anosmia | Lose of sense of smell (interferes with detection of environmental orders- safety issues)
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| (P) arosmia | Pleasant odors may be distorted
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| Proprioception | Unconscious sense of joint position and motion
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| Graphesthesia | Identification of numbers and letters when they are "written" on the skin
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| Body Scheme | Awareness of body parts, the position of the body and its parts in relation to themselves and the enviroment
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| Asomatognosia | Severe loss of body scheme
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| Praxis | Ability to plan and perform purposeful movement
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| Apraxia | Inability to plan and perform the motor acts needed
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| Ideomotor praxia | Inability to perform an action on command a motor skill
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| Constructional apraxia | Inability to draw, copy, or construct designs
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| Dressing apraxia | Inability to plan and perform a sequence needed to dress
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| Finger agnosia | Naming, Identifying
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| Declarative (or explicit memory) (2) | 1. Episodic memory
2. Semantic memory
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| Episodic memory | Personal hx and life experiences
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| Semantic memory | General knowledge shared by a group example: rules of social behavior
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| Procedural memory | Cannot tell, but can perform the action
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| Prospective memory | Ability to remember events that are set to occur in the future
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| Anosognosia | Total inability to recognize deficits "lack of insight/awareness"
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| Acalculia | Inability to perform simple mathematical tasks
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| Alexia | Unable to read
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| Agraphia | Unable to write
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| Diplopia | (Double vision): good to cover one eye to remove that double vision.
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| Figure-Closure | Ability to for ex. see a stop sign and although a portion of it is blocked from a tree, you know it’s a stop sign.
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| Figure-Ground | Ability to distinguish an object from its background
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| Pattern Recognition | Able to distinguish an object from its surroundings
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| Visual Scanning | Able to shift attention from one side to the other looking for box of cereal, then milk, etc.
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| Homonymous Hemianopsia | Loss of the right half, or left half of the visual field in each eye
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| ARMD | Age Related Macular Degeneration
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| Glaucoma | Second leading cause of blindness
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| ARMD | Leading cause of loss of central vision for older adult
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| Cataracts | Result in gradual, painless loss of vision
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| Presbyopia | Far-sightedness associated with aging
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| Hyperopia | Far-sightedness
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| Myopia | Near-sightedness
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| Diabetic retinopathy | Starts with floaters; progresses to blurred vision and visual loss
Control of blood sugar slows the progression
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| Visual memory | Create and retain a visual image
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| Oculomotor control | Effective control of eye movements
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| Visual acuity | Visual information is sharp, clear, and accurate
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| Visual perception | Vision and information from other senses are integrated and interpreted
by the brain forms a visual image of the environment
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| Hypoalgesia | Diminished pain sensation
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| Analgesia | Complete loss of pain sensation
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| Hyperesthesia | Increased sensitivity
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| Hypoesthesia | Decreased sensation
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| Paresthesia | Abnormal sensation
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| Anesthesia | Complete loss of sensation
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| Ideational apraxia | Inability to comprehend the concept of required movement to do a task
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| Visual Agnosia | Inability to recognize common items that can be see
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| Prosopagnosia | Inability to identify faces
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| Form Discrimination | Ability to differentiate between a pen and a highlighter
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| Depth Perception | When they are going down the stairs
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| Astereognosis | Inability to identify an object without looking
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| Transfer of Learning Approach | Generalization “Brain Exercises”
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| Chunking | Sorting objects such as clothing, food, and able to divide objects by group
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| Recognition | Identification of something from the past
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| Sustained Attention | Able to focus attention on a task
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| Alternating Attention | Able to alternate between 2 or more tasks
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| Divided Attention | Able to attend to more than one task simultaneously
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| Selective Attention | Able to focus under distracting circumstances
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| Working Memory | Actively using information with the intention of retaining it
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| Visual Field Loss | Loss of any portion of four quarters
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| Ideational Apraxia | Inability to comprehend the concept of required movement to do a task
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| NDT | Neurodevelopment treatment
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| CIT | Constraint-induced movement therapy
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| Rebound phenomenon of Holmes | "to bounce or sing back"
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| Stereognosis | Identification of an object without vision
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| Body scheme | Aware of body parts
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| Asomatognosia | Severe loss of body scheme
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| Praxis | Ability to plan and perform purposeful movements
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| Apraxia | Inability to plan and perform purposeful movements
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| Anosognosia | Total inability to recognize deficits
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| Dysphagia | Difficulty swallowing
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| Broca aphasia | Expressive aphasia
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| Wernicke aphasia | Receptive aphasia
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| Global aphasia | loss of receptive and expressive
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| Right-side responsible for? | Language, time concepts, and analytic thinking
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| Left-side responsible for? | Visual perceptual function and perception as a whole
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| Brainstem stroke | Life threatening controls breathing, heart rate, BP
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| Two types of strokes? | Brainstem and a Cerebellum stroke
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| Hemiplegia | One-side paralysis
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| Hemiparesis | One-side weakness
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| Transient ischemic attack (TIA) | Incomplete stroke with symptoms lasting a few minutes to 24 hours
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| Thrombus | Bloot clot causing blockage
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| Embolus | Traveling blood clot
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| DVT | Deep vein thrombosis
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| Rood approach | Facilitatory and Inhibitory Techniques
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| CHI | Close head injury
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| DAI | Caused by stretching and shearing forces
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| Rigidity | Increased muscle in the agonist and antagonist
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Created by:
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