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Common OT conditions
NBCOT flashcard
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Reflex sympathetic dystrophy is AKA? | Complex regional pain syndrome |
| Neuroma | An unorganized mass of nerve fibers resulting from a laceration or amputation in which the nerve regrows in unorganized bundles -- results in sharp, radiating pain. |
| Apraxia | Loss of ability to execute or carry out learned (familiar) movements -- despite having the desire & physical ability to perform the mvmts |
| Oral Apraxia | Difficulty in forming and organizing intelligible words, though the musculature is intact. Differs from DYSARTHRIA because no muscles are affected and speech is not slurred |
| Constructional Apraxia | Unable to produce designs in 2 or 3 dimensions by copying, drawing, or constructing |
| Ideational Apraxia | Disability of carrying out complex sequential motor acts spontaneously or on request -- caused by disruption of the conception, rather than the execution -- loss of tool function knowledge |
| Ideomotor Apraxia | Inability to imitate gestures or perform a purposeful motor task on command -- even though the patient is able to fully understand the idea or concept of a task -- this often assc. with left hemisphere damage |
| Visual Agnosia | Lack of ability to recognize common objects and demonstrate their use in an activity |
| Auditory Agnosia | Inability to recognize sounds, words, and non-words |
| Visual-spacial Agnosia | Affects perception of spatial relationship between objects, or between objects and self |
| Prosopagnosia | Face blindness -- inability to ID an individual by their face |
| Anosognosia | Transient, severe form of neglect -- patient does not recognize the presence or severity of his paralysis |
| Valgus Stress Syndrome | Medial elbow overstress -- occurs as a result of repetitive throwing motions |
| Brachial Plexus Injury | Traumatic (falling) & Obstetrics -- weakness in the arm, diminished reflexes, corresponding sensory deficits |
| Pulled Elbow Syndrome | Dislocation by a sudden jerk upwards of the arm -- common injury in children under 5 years |
| Chorea | Irregular, purposeless, involuntary, quick, jerky, & dysrhythmic mvmts |
| Huntington's Disease | Gentic disease - progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain, usually results in jerky movement, dementia and psychiatric disorders -- type of chorea |
| Tardive Dyskinesia | Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities that occur in patients treated with long-term dopaminergic antagonist medications -- type of chorea |
| Cerebral palsy | Permanent impairment affecting automatic postural control and movement as a result of a non-progressive brain disorder |
| Types of CP | Spastic, athetoid, flaccid, ataxic |
| Spastic CP - severe | Severe increased tone -- flex/ext cocontraction -- high tone, always -- more proximal than distal |
| Spastic CP - moderate | Near normal tone @ rest -- tone increases w/ excitement, mvmt, emotion, and speech -- more distal than proximal |
| Spastic CP - mild | Normal tone @ rest -- tone increases w/ effort & movement |
| Athethoid CP - pure | Tone fluctuates from low to normal -- no or little spasticity -- no coactivation |
| Athetoid CP w/ spasticity | Tone fluctates from normal to high -- proximal spasticity -- distal athetosis (slow writhing, continuous and involuntary mvmt of extremities |
| Athetoid CP w/ tonic spasms | Unpredictable tone -- changes from low to very high -- all flexion or all extension |
| Choreoathetosis CP | Constant fluctuation from low to high tone -- no co-contraction -- jerky, involuntary mvmt -- more proximal than distal |
| Flaccid CP | Markedly low tone -- seen at birth/toddler -- later classified as spastic, athetoid, or ataxic |
| Ataxic CP | Normal to near normal tone -- increased tone usually involves LE flexion -- most functional form of CP |
| Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PPD) | Autism, Asperger's Syndrome, Rett's Syndrome |
| Autism | Impairments of social interaction, social communication, social behavior -- inability to relate to others -- echolia -- flat affect & poor eye contact -- aversion to physical contact -- intolerance to changes in routine |
| Asperger's Syndrome | Similar characteristics to autism -- sometimes referred to as high functioning autism |
| Resting tremors | Occurs at rest, subsides when voluntary movement is attempted -- seen in Parkinson's |
| Ballism | Produced by continuous, abrupt contractions of the axial and proximal musculature of the extremity |
| Dysarthria | Explosive or slurred speech caused by in-coordination of muscles involved in speech -- a neuromotor problem -- often a symptom of Friedreich's ataxia |
| Nystagmus | Involuntary mvmt of eyeballs in up/down, back/forth motion -- interferes with head control |
| Dysmetria | Inability to estimate ROM necessary to meet target -- evident when person tries to reach nose -- often a symptom of Friedreich's ataxia |
| Intention tremors | Occurs w/ voluntary mvmt -- intensified at the termination of the mvmt -- often assc. w/ MS |
| Bradykinesia | Slow movement |
| Adiadochokinesis | Inability to perform rapid alternating mvmts such as pronation/supination |
| Dystonia | Neurologic mvmt disorder characterized by sustained muscle contractions, usually producing twisting & repetitive mvmts or abnormal postures or positions |
| Choreoathetosis | Movement of intermediate speed, fluctuating between the quick, flitting movements of chorea and the slower, writhing movements of athetosis |
| Pes varus | Club foot -- supinated foot |
| Pes valgus | Pronated foot |
| Rotator Cuff Muscles | Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Subscapularis - Teres Minor |
| Ataxia | Describes a lack of coordination while performing voluntary movements -- it may appear as clumsiness, inaccuracy, or instability |
| Guillain-Barre Syndrome | Auto-immunue disease in which the peripheral nerves become inflammed -- results in numbness and paralysis in the legs, upper body, and face -- level of I depends on extent of paralysis |
| Agnosia | Lack of recognition of familiar objects as perceived by the senses -- manifests w/ problems in body scheme such as somatognosia & anosgonosia |
| Somatognosia | Unawareness of body parts |
| Anasognosia | Unawareness or denial of a neurological deficit, such as hemiplegia |
| Displacement | Occurs when an individual redirects an emotion from one object (progression of disease) to another (adaptive equipment) |
| Acting-out | Describes behaviors that violate societal norms (sexually provocative behavior, physically assaultive behavior) |
| Passive-aggressive behavior | Characterized by indirect or unassertive aggression (being chronically late when meeting someone you argued with years ago) |
| Reaction formation | Switching of an unacceptable impulse into its opposite (hugging someone you would like to hit) |
| Standard Adult Wheelchair Measurements | Width=18" -- Depth=16" -- Height=20" |
| Measuring for Wheelchair Width | Add 2" to widest point of hips/thighs |
| Measuring for Wheelchair Depth | Subtract 2" from greatest length |
| MAO inhibitors - medication names | Parnate, Nardil, Marplan, Emsam |
| MAO inhibitors - foods to avoid | aged cheese, smoked/pickled meats (pepperoni/salami/corned beef), wine-sherry-beer-hard liquor, liver, avocados, bananas, raisins, saurkraut |
| MAO inhibitors used to treat? | Depression |
| Anti-psychotic - older medication names | Haldol, Loxitane, Thorazine |
| Older anti-psychotic medications are AKA? | Neuroleptics |
| Newer anti-psychotic medications are AKA? | Pyschotropics |
| Newer anti-psychotic medication names | clozapine (Clozaril), risperidone (Risperdal), aripiprazole (Abilify), quetiapine (Seroquel), and olanzapine (Zyprexa) |
| Common side-effects of older anti-psychotic meds | Tardive Dyskinesia, photosensitivity, orthostatic hypotension |
| Common side-effects of newer anti-psychotic meds | Metabolic syndrome - can cause weight gain and Type II diabetes, tardive dyskinesia |
Created by:
msmaus
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