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PAMS
Physical agent modalities
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the major categories of PAMS? | thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic |
| 5 examples of thermal (heat transfer) | hot packs, cold packs, paraffin, fluido, ultrasound |
| 3 examples of mechanical (movement, pressure in/on body) | fluido, ultrasound, whirlpool |
| 4 examples of electromagnetic (electric current) | TENS, NMES, Hi Volt, Ionto |
| General precautions for heating modalities | watch for areas of redness (monitor decreased skin integrity, don't use where you don't want to increase metabolic activity |
| Why is ultrasound used? | to increase elasticity or stimulate healing response |
| Explain superficial settings for ultrasound. | 3 MHz, absorbed up to 2 cm in depth |
| Explain deep settings for ultrasound. | 1 MHz, absorbed from 2-5 cm in depth |
| Precautions for ultrasound. | growth plates, carotid arteries, CNS tissue, over plates/screws/cement/replacement sites, also heat precautions, pregnancy |
| Where do the electrodes go for TENS? | on or around the area of pain |
| Why use TENS? | for pain control |
| How is TENS used for acute pain? | to mask the pain and accomplish therapeutic goals |
| How is TENS used for chronic pain? | to increase the pain, get an endorphin release |
| Why use NMES (neuromuscular E-Stim)? | movement, strength, endurance |
| Where do the electrodes go for NMES? | along the muscle belly |
| Why use High Volt? | edema control, wound healing |
| What is ionto? | medication delivery at the site you are treating |
| What are precautions for E-stim? | pacemakers, plastic/metal components, transcranially, transthoracicly, transpinally, heart disease, pregnancy, while driving |
| What are the thermal effects of ultrasound? | heat helps heal and loosen things up, goes deeper than ordinary heating methods, done by friction, smaller areas, skips the skin |
| What are the non-thermal effects of ultrasound? | heals, increases fibroblastic, increases protein synthesis, increases bloodflow |
| When is heat appropriate? | when diagnosis is known and is not from inflammation |
| When is heat contraindicated? | impaired sensation, large scars, impaired cognition, cancer/tumors, acute infection, DVT, cardiac disease, seizures, primary tendon or ligament repair |
| When are cold packs appropriate? | edema, post exercise, arthritis flares, spasticity/muscle spasms, strains to ligaments, tendons--actue, acute tendonitis |
| Contraindications for cold therapy | Raynaud's syndrome, decreased circulation, healing nerves (slows rocess), impaired circulation, healing wounds, cardiac dysfunction |
Created by:
abascas
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