Muscle original, insertion and action
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| Epicranius - frontal and occipital bellies (Occipital Frontalis) | O: Frontal/Occipital Belly
I: Galea Aponeurosis
A: Raises Eyebrow
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| Orbicularis Oculi | O: Bones & Ligaments around orbit
I: Tissue of eyelid
A: Closes eyes
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| Orbicularis Oris | O: Upper and lower lips
I: Angles of mouth (moduli)
A: Closes mouth, Kissing and Whistling muscle
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| Buccinator (Facial Expression & Mastication) | O: Maxilla and Mandible
I: Orbicularis Oris
A: Compresses cheeks (whistling), Chewing
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| Masseter | O: Maxilla
I: Mandible
A: Closes jaw and elevates mandible
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| Temporalis | O: Temporal fossa
I: Superior Temporal Line
A: Closes jaw, elevates & retracts mandible
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| Medial Pterygoid | O: Medial Pterygoid plate
I: Mandible
A: Elevates mandible, grinding movements
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| Lateral Pterygoid | O: Later Pterygoid plate
I: Mandible
A: moves jaw anteriorly (protects jaw)
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| Platysma (hypodermis layer of nect) | O: Fascia of chest (over pectoral muscles)
I: Lower margin mandible
A: Depresses mandible, pulls down and back lower lip (downward sag of mouth)
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| Sternocleidomastoid | O: Sternum & clavicle
I: Mastoid
A: Flexion of neck forward, generally against resistance; rotate head toward shoulder on opposite side
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| Digastric | O: Lower margin of mandible (anterior belly) and mastoid process (posterior belly)
I: By a connective tissue loop to hyoid bone
A: Opens mouth and depresses mandible
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| Mylohyoid | O: Medial surface of mandible
I: Medial raphe
A: Elevates hyoid bone and base of tongue during swallowing
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| Sternohyoid | O: Sternum
I: Hyoid bone
A: Acting with sternothyroid and omohyoid (all inferior to hyoid bone), depresses Larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed, may also flex skull
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| Sternothyroid | O: Sternum
I: Thyroid cartilage
A: Acting with sternothyroid and omohyoid (all inferior to hyoid bone), depresses Larynx and hyoid bone if mandible is fixed, may also flex skull
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| Thyrohyoid | O: Thyroid Cartilage
I: Hyoid bone
A: Depress hyoid bone;elevates larynx if hyoid is fixed
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| Pectoralis Major | O: Clavicle, sternum, ribs
I: Head of humerus
A: Adducts
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| Serratus Anterior | O: Lateral aspect of ribs
I: Scapula
A: Moves scapula forward
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| Deltoid | O: Clavicle, scapula
I: Deltoid Tuberosity (humerus)
A: Abduction
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| External Intercostals | O: Inferior border of rib above
I: Superior border of rib below
A: Pulls ribs towards each other to elevate rib cage, aid in inspiration
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| Internal Intercostals | O: Superior border of rib below
I: Inferior border of rib above
A: Draws ribs together to depress rib cage, aid in forced expiration, antagonistic to external intercostals
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| Diaphragm | O: Ribs, sternum, lumbar
I: Central tendon
A: Prime mover of inspiration
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| Rectus Abdominis | O: Pubic crest and symphysis
I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages of ribs 5 - 7
A: Flexes and rotates vertebral column; increases abdominal pressure; fixes and depresses ribs; stabilizes pelvis during walking; used in sit ups and curls
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| External Oblique | O: Anterior surface of last eight ribs
I: Linea Alba, pubic crest and tubercles, and iliac crest
A: Same as rectus abdominis; aids in nuscles of back in trunk rotation and lateral flexion; used in oblique curls
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| Internal Oblique | O: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest and inquinal ligament
I: Linea alba, pubic crest and costal cartilages of last 3 ribs
A: same as external obliques
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| Transverse Abdominis | O: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, cartilages of last 5 or 6 ribs and lumbar fascia
I: Linea alba and pubic crest
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| Trapezius | O: Spines of cervical and thoracic vertebrae
I: Scapula
A: Adducts scapula
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| Latissimus dorsi (posterior fold of axilla) | O: Thoracic vertebrae, last 4 ribs
I: Intertubercular sulcus (groove) of humerus
A: Prime mover of arm extension (ABDUCTION)
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| Infraspinatus | O: Infraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Stabilizes shoulder joint
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| Supraspinatus | O: Supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: Greater tubercle of humerus
A: Helps stabilize shoulder joint
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| Semispinalis: Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis | O: Transverse processes of C7-T12
I: Capitis-Occipital Bone, Cervicis-Cervical Vertebrae, Thoracic-T1-T4
A: Extend head and vertebral column
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| Triceps Brachii | O: Long head, lateral head, medial head on head of humerus and scapula
I: Olecranon process of ulna
A: Powerful forearm extensor
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| Biceps Brachii | O: Scapula
I: Radial tuberosity
A: Powerful forearm flexion
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| Brachioradialis | A: Flexion
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| Brachialis | O: Lower, distal portion of humerus
I: Ulna
A: Forearm flexion
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