AP Ch.11 Industry
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| does steel rust | no
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| does iron rust | yes
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| taking cotton and spinning it into thread by spools | textile
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| what 3 things do you need access to in order to industrialize | land , labor, capital (money)
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| age of a lot of prosterity | gilded age
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| industry and manufacturing were at their height in the United States in the late _____________________ and early ________________ | 1800s and 1900s
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| production increased greatly due to _______________ | fordism
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| assembly line production of identical commodities by a rigidly controlled and specialized labor force for mass markets | fordism
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| fordism increased efficiency and made goods ______________________ | cheaper
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| industry had been concentrated around _______________________ to ______________________ | Pennsylvania to Michigan
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| called the ______________________ because the industries were left to rust | Rust Belt
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| because land, labor, and capital are more desirable in _______________, the United States has become less industrialized | LDCs
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| what kind of industries is the US economy based on and give some examples | service industries- sales, telecommunications, banking
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| what is the benefit of service industries | low/no transportation cost
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| in comparison to other things | situation location
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| specific place | site location
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| who do manufacturers try to locate their factories close to | buyers and sellers
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| what does every factory use to make their product and give some examples | inputs- materials, energy, machinery, supporting services
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| an industry in which the inputs weighs more than the final product | bulk-reducing industry
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| where doe bulk-reducing industries need to be located to and why | source of inputs to minimize transportation costs
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| what are some examples of bulk- reducing | copper and steel
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| industry that makes something that gains volume or weight during production | bulk-gaining industry
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| where do bulk-gaining industries need to be located | near where the product is sold to minimize transportation costs
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| what are some examples of bulk-gaining industries | fabricated metals and beverage production
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| what is the largest market for fabricated metals and machinery | motor vehicles
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| where must perishable products be located | near the market (Von Thunen Model)
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| why is newspaper a "perishable" good | the news has a certain date
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| what type of transportation is used for short distance deliveries | trucks
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| what type of transportation is used for 1+ days, longer to load, no daily rests | rail
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| what type of transportation is used for long distance, slower than land based | ships
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| used for speedy delivery , small, high value packages | air
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| the spatial concentration of people and activities for mutual benefit | agglomeration
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| each new firm added will lead to further development of infrastructure and linkages | multiplier effect
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| benefits of agglomeration | similar or interrelated companies nearby, pools of skilled and ordinary labor, capital, infrastucutre
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| disadvantages of agglomeration | congestion, high land values, pollution, increased government, pollution, high land values
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| when its more profitable for a company to be in an isolated location | deglomeration
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| 3 site factors | land, labor, capital
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| what type of factory is most efficient | one story buildings
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| why do factories need to be near major highways | for trucks
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| environmental factors of the land | climate, cultural facilities, low cost energy
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| _______________ billion workers are engaged in industry globally | 1/2
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| what fraction of china's population is in the work force | 1/4
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| what fraction of India's population is in the work force | 1/5
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| what fraction of MDCs are in the work force | 1/5
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| wages and compensation for labor is a high percentage of total expenses | labor intensive industries
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| what are some examples of labor intensive industries | apparel and textiles
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| investment in business | capital
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| where does 1/4 of all the capital in the US go | silicon valley
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| what does a business usually begin with | a loan
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| turning over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers | outsourcing
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| many American companies have moved much of their operations to India because of ______________________ | cheap labor
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| trying to bring companies to them | export-processing zones
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| type of ______________________________ set up generally in developing countries by their governments to promote industrial and commercial eports | free trade zone
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| who owns most maquiladoras | US
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| foreign owned company located in the US- Mexico border region | maquiladoras
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| why do companies set up maquiladoras | cheaper labor, favorable tax breaks (NAFTA), lax environmental regulations, close to markets at minimal cost
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| what are 3 other government policies part of site factors | education/ funding, taxes/subsidies, environmental regulations
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| what did the novel The Jungle expose | working conditions of workers in meat packing plants
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| what happened at the triangle shirt waist factory and why did so many people die | fire broke out and led to the death of 146 women and young girls because they worked with the doors and windows locked
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| predicting where business will or should be located | location theory
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| what 6 factors must a location consider | source of suppliers, political-cultural climate, labor, market, transportation, power supply
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| who came up with the least cost theory | Alfred Weber
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| location where all of the costs are the lowest | optimum location
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| if a factory is closer to raw materials then it is _______________ | bulk-reducing
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| if a factory is closer to the market then it is _____________________ | bulk-gaining
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| ______________ and _________________ are the most important factors | distance and weight
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| high labor costs _________ profit | reduce ( dangerous jobs & more education)
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| similar businesses cluster in the same area and businesses support each other | agglometation
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| weber's 5 assumptions | uniformity, one product/ market, raw materials, infinite/ immobile labor, fixed transportation rules
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