Flexors/Extensors
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| Originate above, or proximal to, the wrist joint and assist in wrist function but primary function is fingers and thumb function | Extrinsic
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| Smaller muscles that originate within the hand (at or distal to the carpal bones). Can be subdivided into the thenar, hypothenar, and deep palm muscles | Intrinsic
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| Numbness, tingling, pain and weakness | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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| Outstretched hand/Radial fracture | Colles’ Fracture
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| Fall on the back of the hand fracture | Smith’s Fracture
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| Compression of the median nerve | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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| Inflammation of the sheath of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus | Tenosynovitis
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| True of False? Ulna does not rotate | True
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| True of False? Radius moves around the ulna | True
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| Carrying Angle | The humerus and forearm are not aligned in a perfectly straight line, they actually form a slight lateral angle at the joint
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| Why does the carrying angle perform a slight lateral angle at the joint? | This is because the trochlea is lower than the capitulum at the distal end of the humerus.
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| Three bony landmarks of the Scapula? | 1. Infraglenoid tubercle
2. Supraglenoid tubercle
3. Coracoid process
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| Five bony landmarks of the humerus? | 1. Trochlea (articulates with the ulna)
2. Capitulum (articulates with the radius)
3. Medial and lateral epicondyle
4. Lateral supracondylar ridge
5.Olecranon fossa (posterior – articulates with the ulna)
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| Three bony landmarks of the Radius? | 1. Head
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Styloid process
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| 1. Between radius and ulna 2. Keeps the two bones from separating 3. Provides more surface area for muscles attachment | Interosseous Membrane
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| Brachialis Muscle | O – Distal half of the
humerus, anterior
surface
I – Coronoid process and
ulnar tuberosity of the
ulna
A – Elbow flexion
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| Biceps Brachii | O – 1. Long head – supraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula
2. Short head – coracoid process of the scapula
I – Radial tuberosity of the
radius
A - Elbow flexion and
forearm supination
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| Brachioradialis Muscle | O– Lateral supracondylar
ridge on the humerus
I - Styloid process of the
radius
A- Elbow flexion
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| Triceps Muscles | O – 1. Long head – Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
2. Lateral head – inferior to greater tubercle on the posterior humerus
3. Medial head – Posterior humerus
I – Olecranon process of
the ulna
A – Elbow extension
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| Pronator Teres | O – Medial epicondyle of
the humerus and
coronoid process of
the ulna
I – Lateral aspect of the
radius
A – Pronation of forearm
and assists with
elbow flexion
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| Pronator Quadratus Muscle | O – Distal one-fourth of
ulna
I – Distal one-fourth of radius
A – Pronation of the
forearm
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| Supinator Muscle | O – Lateral epicondyle of
humerus and
adjacent ulna
I – Anterior surface of
the proximal radius
A – Supination of
forearm
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| Lateral epicondylitis/ Tennis Elbow | Affects the common extensor tendon that inserts lateral epicondyle of the humerus
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| Medial epicondylitis/Golfers Elbow | Affects the common flexor tendon that inserts medial epicondyle of the humerus
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| Flexion Muscles? | Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis
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| Extension Muscles? | Triceps
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| Pronation Muscles? | Pronator Teres and Quadratus
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| Supination Muscles? | Biceps Brachii and Supinator
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| Movement of Wrist? | 1.Wrist flexion
2. Wrist extension
3. Ulnar deviation
4. Radial deviation
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| Anterior Muscles of the forearm | 3 muscles:
1. Flexor carpi radialis
2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
3. Palmaris longus
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| Flexor Carpi Radialis | O: Medial epicondyle of
humerus
I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
bones
A: wrist flexion and
radial deviation
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| Palmaris Longus | O: Medial epicondyle of
humerus
I: Palmar fascia
A: Wrist flexion
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| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | O: Medial epicondyle of
humerus
I: Pisiform, and base of 5th
Metacarpal
A: Wrist flexion and ulnar
deviation
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| Posterior Muscles of Forearm | 3 muscles:
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
3. Extensor carpi ulnaris
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | O: Supracondylar ridge
of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
bone
A: Wrist extension and radial
deviation
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| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | O: Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
A: Wrist extension
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| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | O: Lateral epicondyle
of humerus
I: Base of 5th metacarpal
A: wrist extension and
ulnar deviation
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| CANCEL OUT : FLEXION | FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
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| CANCEL OUT : EXTENSION | EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
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| CANCEL OUT : ULNAR DEVIATION | FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
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| CANCEL OUT : RADIAL DEVIATION | FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS
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