| Question | Answer |
| Originate above, or proximal to, the wrist joint and assist in wrist function but primary function is fingers and thumb function | Extrinsic |
| Smaller muscles that originate within the hand (at or distal to the carpal bones). Can be subdivided into the thenar, hypothenar, and deep palm muscles | Intrinsic |
| Numbness, tingling, pain and weakness | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| Outstretched hand/Radial fracture | Colles’ Fracture |
| Fall on the back of the hand fracture | Smith’s Fracture |
| Compression of the median nerve | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| Inflammation of the sheath of the extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus | Tenosynovitis |
| True of False? Ulna does not rotate | True |
| True of False? Radius moves around the ulna | True |
| Carrying Angle | The humerus and forearm are not aligned in a perfectly straight line, they actually form a slight lateral angle at the joint |
| Why does the carrying angle perform a slight lateral angle at the joint? | This is because the trochlea is lower than the capitulum at the distal end of the humerus. |
| Three bony landmarks of the Scapula? | 1. Infraglenoid tubercle
2. Supraglenoid tubercle
3. Coracoid process |
| Five bony landmarks of the humerus? | 1. Trochlea (articulates with the ulna)
2. Capitulum (articulates with the radius)
3. Medial and lateral epicondyle
4. Lateral supracondylar ridge
5.Olecranon fossa (posterior – articulates with the ulna) |
| Three bony landmarks of the Radius? | 1. Head
2. Radial tuberosity
3. Styloid process |
| 1. Between radius and ulna
2. Keeps the two bones from separating
3. Provides more surface area for muscles attachment | Interosseous Membrane |
| Brachialis Muscle | O – Distal half of the
humerus, anterior
surface
I – Coronoid process and
ulnar tuberosity of the
ulna
A – Elbow flexion |
| Biceps Brachii | O – 1. Long head – supraglenoid
tubercle of the scapula
2. Short head – coracoid process of the scapula
I – Radial tuberosity of the
radius
A - Elbow flexion and
forearm supination |
| Brachioradialis Muscle | O– Lateral supracondylar
ridge on the humerus
I - Styloid process of the
radius
A- Elbow flexion |
| Triceps Muscles | O – 1. Long head – Infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
2. Lateral head – inferior to greater tubercle on the posterior humerus
3. Medial head – Posterior humerus
I – Olecranon process of
the ulna
A – Elbow extension |
| Pronator Teres | O – Medial epicondyle of
the humerus and
coronoid process of
the ulna
I – Lateral aspect of the
radius
A – Pronation of forearm
and assists with
elbow flexion |
| Pronator Quadratus Muscle | O – Distal one-fourth of
ulna
I – Distal one-fourth of radius
A – Pronation of the
forearm |
| Supinator Muscle | O – Lateral epicondyle of
humerus and
adjacent ulna
I – Anterior surface of
the proximal radius
A – Supination of
forearm |
| Lateral epicondylitis/ Tennis Elbow | Affects the common extensor tendon that inserts lateral epicondyle of the humerus |
| Medial epicondylitis/Golfers Elbow | Affects the common flexor tendon that inserts medial epicondyle of the humerus |
| Flexion Muscles? | Biceps Brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis |
| Extension Muscles? | Triceps |
| Pronation Muscles? | Pronator Teres and Quadratus |
| Supination Muscles? | Biceps Brachii and Supinator |
| Movement of Wrist? | 1.Wrist flexion
2. Wrist extension
3. Ulnar deviation
4. Radial deviation |
| Anterior Muscles of the forearm | 3 muscles:
1. Flexor carpi radialis
2. Flexor carpi ulnaris
3. Palmaris longus |
| Flexor Carpi Radialis | O: Medial epicondyle of
humerus
I: 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
bones
A: wrist flexion and
radial deviation |
| Palmaris Longus | O: Medial epicondyle of
humerus
I: Palmar fascia
A: Wrist flexion |
| Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | O: Medial epicondyle of
humerus
I: Pisiform, and base of 5th
Metacarpal
A: Wrist flexion and ulnar
deviation |
| Posterior Muscles of Forearm | 3 muscles:
1. Extensor carpi radialis longus
2. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
3. Extensor carpi ulnaris |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | O: Supracondylar ridge
of humerus
I: Base of 2nd metacarpal
bone
A: Wrist extension and radial
deviation |
| Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | O: Lateral epicondyle of
humerus
I: Base of 3rd metacarpal
A: Wrist extension |
| Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | O: Lateral epicondyle
of humerus
I: Base of 5th metacarpal
A: wrist extension and
ulnar deviation |
| CANCEL OUT : FLEXION | FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS |
| CANCEL OUT : EXTENSION | EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS |
| CANCEL OUT : ULNAR DEVIATION | FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS
EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS |
| CANCEL OUT : RADIAL DEVIATION | FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS
EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS |
