AP Human Geography Chapter 6
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| what are the 3 types of religion | universalizing, ethnic, traditional/tribal
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| a religion that attempts to be ___________ , to appeal to ______________ wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location | global; all people
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| what are 3 universalizing religion | Christianity, Buddhism, Islam
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| universalizing religions are divided in to __________, _____________ or ____________ | branches, denominations, or sects
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| universalizing religions are ________________ throughout the world | widely distributed
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| a religion with a relatively concentrated spatial distribution whose principles are likely to be based on the physical characteristics of the particular location in which its adherents are concentrated | ethnic religion
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| where are ethnic religions mostly distributed | middle east, India, and Asia
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| ethnic religions that are practiced by small, local cultural groups, typically blended religions that combine belief system of the ethnic group, tribe, or village with animism and possibly a forced religion | traditional (tribal) religion
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| belief everything has a spirit | animism
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| _____________ has many tribal religions being practiced, most show syncretism | Indonesia
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| Christianity origin: founded upon the teachings of ____________________ | Jesus Christ
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| what is the belief of Christianity | Jesus died on a cross in Jerusalem to atone for the sins of mankind, raised from the dead by God
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| what are the 3 denominations/ branches of Christianity | Roman Catholic, Christian (Eastern) Orthodox, Protestant
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| what is the holy book of Chrsitianity | Bible
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| why is there no no architectural style of churches | many denominations
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| how do Christians dispose of the dead | bury in a cemetery
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| what branch of Christianity is a hierarchical religion | Roman Catholic Church
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| missionaries carried the teachings of Jesus to different places | relocation diffusion
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| spread widely through the Roman Empire | contagious diffusion
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| the empire's elite accepted Christianity in the 4th century, including Emperor Constantine; later kings and queens of Europe would enforce Christianity as the state religion | hierarchical diffusion
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| what kind of religion is Islam | universalizing
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| is Islam monotheistic or polytheistic | monotheistic
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| what were the branches of Islam formed from | disagreement in succession
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| what are the beliefs of Islam | 5 pillars
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| what does Islam believe Jihad is | a religious struggle-some suggest that Muslims should engage in holy war others believe it is an internal strugle
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| how is Islam primarily diffused | conquest
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| what 3 regions did the Islamic army take over | Africa, Asia, Europe
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| when Islam took over what did they often convert Christian buildings into | mosques
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| when the Islamic armies took over Christian buildings and turned them into Mosques, what is this an example of | sequent occupancy
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| where do most sects of Islam come from | disagreement of who should be the leader after the death of Muhammad
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| what kind of Muslims make up 83% of world's muslims | Sunni
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| what kind of Muslims are mostly in Iran, large groups in Pakistan and Iraq and are much stricter in their interpretation | Shia (Shiite)
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| what is the holy book of Islam and what language is it written in | Quaran and written in Arabic
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| what is the holy site of Islam | Mecca
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| how many inhabitants does Mecca have | 1.3 million
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| what is in Mecca that is also holy | Ka'ba
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| cube structure encased in silk at the Great Mosque and contains the black stone given to Abraham by Gabriel as a sign of the covenant with Ishmael and the Muslim people | Ka'ba
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| what Islamic holy site also has 1.3 million inhabitants and contains Muhammad's tomb | Medina
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| what Islamic holy site is where Muslims believe that Muhammed was taken into heaven by Allah | Jerusalem
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| where do Muslims worship | mosque
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| what makes most mosque look similar to one another | minarets- balconies to call people to prayer
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| moral code and religious law of Islam | Shria Law
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| why are there different interpretations Shria Law | the way it is enforced
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| Islam is the _______________ growing religion in the world | fastest
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| how does Islam get rid of dead bodies | burial- cremation is forbidden
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| what does Buddha mean | awakened or enlightened one
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| what do Buddhist believe in | Four Noble Truths
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| what are the 4 Noble Truths | -all living beings must endure suffering
-suffering leads to reincarnation
-goal of existence is to reach Nirvana
-Nirvana is attained through the 8 fold path
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| Asoka, emperor of he Magadan Empire around 250 | hierarchical diffusion of Buddhism
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| merchants spread to China | relocation diffusion of Buddhism
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| holy book of Buddhism | Tipitaka
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| how many branches/ sects does Buddhism have | 3
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| what are the 3 branches/sects of Buddhism | mahayana, theravada, tanrayana
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| location where the relics of great Buddhist teachers are housed | stupas
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| what shape are stupas | mound like
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| place of worship that is intricately decorated | temple
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| prominent and visually attractive element of the Buddhist landscape found in Southeast Asia | pagodas
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| what is the Buddhist holy site where Buddha attained enlightenment called | Bodh Gaya
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| where did Buddhism begin | India
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| where is Buddhism most commonly practiced | East Asian Countries
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| Buddhism________require you to stop your own religion if you want to follow Buddhism | does not
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| life's natural law | Dharma
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| who does Judaism come from | Abraham
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| what was the name of the son that God promised Abraham and Sarah would have | Isaac
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| is Judaism monotheistic or polytheistic | monotheistic
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| Judaism is the 1st _______________________ religion recorded | montheistic
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| Jews believe they are the ___________________ because God selected them to live according to God's ethical and moral principles (The Ten Commandments) | "chosen people"
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| unlike most ethnic religions, Judaism is practiced in ________________, not just its place of origin | many countries
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| the Romans forced the Jews to dispersed after they unsuccessfully rebelled against the Roman Empire, migrated to Europe | Diaspora
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| WWII- 6 million Jews die as a result of _________________; survivors of the Holocaust would migrate to _________________ | Nazi rule; Israel
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| 100 years ago 90% of world's Jews live in ____________________ now _______________ of world's Jews live in Europe | Europe; 15%
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| what did Judaism spread because of | forced migration
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| holy book of Judaism | Torah (first 5 books of Old Testament)
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| rock of Abraham's sacrifice; Solomon's Temple, The Western Wall | Jerusalem
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| where do Jews worship | synagogues
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| where are there large populations of Jews | Israel and Northeast United States
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| why is Judaism scattered throughout the world | forced relocation
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| how many laws are in the Torah | 613
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| what kind of religion is Hinduism and is it mono or polytheistic | ethnic; polytheistic
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| what is the origin of Hinduism | existed prior to recorded history; cant find a trace back to specific founder
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| belief of Hinduism: up to the __________________ to decide the best way to worship god | individual
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| what are the 4 paths to knowing god in Hinduism | path of knowledge, path of renunciation, path of devotion, path of action
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| you can pursue your own path, follow your own convictions, as long as you are in harmony with _____________ | nature
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| as an ethnic religion, Hindu does not demand that followers _____________________ | spread their faith
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| Hinduism is concentrated in one specific area and _______________________ | has not diffused
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| no real theological ____________; Hindu's can have an allegiance to a _____________ | divisions; particular god
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| worships the god Vishnu (a loving god incarnated as Krishna); makes up 70% | Vaishnavism
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| dedicated to Siva ( a protective and destructive god) about 26% | Sivaism
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| form of worship dedicated to the female consorts of Vishnu and Siva | Shaktism
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| the theme of spiritual oneness between the one ultimate ______________, known as Brahma, and the soul, or atman, is mandated | reality
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| in accordance, everything in the world is an _________________, merely a part of Brahma, praised as Creator | illusion
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| is there an holy book of Buddhism | no one official book
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| Hinduism's sacred texts | vedas
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| Hinduism's holy sites are closely tied to ___________________ of India | physical geography
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| Hindu holy site: receive purification by bathing in holy rivers; holiest river because it springs from the hair of Siva | Ganges River
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| Hindu holy site: source of the Ganges in the Himalayas, holy because Siva lives there | Mount Kailas
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| Hindu religious functions take place at ________________ | home
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| ____________________ are built for particular gods | shrines
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| temples are built to house shrines for gods but not for _______________ | congregational worship
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| what is the 3rd largest religion in the world | Hinduism
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| where are 97% of all Hindus found and where can the remaining 3% be found | India; Nepal
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| a social hierarchy which divides people into different social classes | caste system
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| outcasts, they are not part of the Hindu caste system | untouchables
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| who was Confucius | philosopher and teacher whose sayings were recorded by his students- origin of Confucianism
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| what was the belief of Confucianism | correct behavior was most important
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| what are the ethical principles to be followed according to Confucianism | 1-following traditions
2-fulfilling obligation
3-treating others with sympathy and respect
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| where is Confucianism practiced | China
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| what is the origin of Daoism | Lao-Zi's writings
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| belief of Daoism: emphasized mystical and magical aspects of life rather than the ________________ | importance of public service
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| what does "dao" mean | path
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| belief of Daoism: only by ______________________ of daily activities, and _____________________ can one achieve harmony with the principles of the universe | avoidance; introspections
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| sects of Daoism: split into many, some embracing elements of __________________ | magic
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| where is Daoism practiced | illegally in China and legally in Taiwan
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| what is the origin of Shintoism | ancient Japan
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| how was Shintoism passed down | orally-no written text until 5th AD
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| main belief of Shintoism: forces of _____________ are divine | nature
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| belief of Shintoism: eventually deceased ________________ and ______________________ became more significant than forces of nature | emperors;ancestors
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| Shintoism: after losing WWII Emperor Hirohito renounced his _________________ | divinity
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| today Shintoism is no longer official state religion but still _______________ in Japan | thrives
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| holy sites of Shintosim | 80,000 shrines housing deities
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| Jewish claims that Israel is their rightful land | Zionism
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| location of traditional or tribal religions | Africa
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| belief of traditional or tribal religions | inanimate objects such as plants and stones have spirits and conscious life
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| little is known about tribal African religions because there are very few _____________, religious practices are mostly passed down through _______________________ | texts; word of mouth and tradition
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| why is animism and tribal religions declining in Africa | globalization and diffusion
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| shamanism: holds a particular ____________, the shaman, as the one with special _______________________ | person; healing or magical powers
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| secular means that something is _____________ | not religious
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| secularism: rejection of all ______________ | religious beliefs
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| secularism: spreading rapidly in certain areas of the world such as ___________________ | Europe
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| believes there is something | agnostic
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| belief there is no God | atheist
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| what could explain the trend towards secularism | religion was created to explain things we couldn't understand but now that we have technology we can understand and explain more things
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| government policies can be seen as promoting social change that conflicts with traditional religious values | religion vs government
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| what are some examples of religion vs government in the United States | -legalizing gay marriage
-abortion
-taking Jesus out of public schools
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| affected Muslims in the attempts of government to ______________ the economies several Islamic countries | modernize
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| what are the 4 types of religious conflict | religion vs government; religion vs communism; religion vs social change; religion vs religion
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| Czar made ________________ an official religion of Russia | Orthodox Church
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| ________________ pursued anti-religious policies | communist
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| what did the Vietnam War destroy | Buddhist shrines
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| communist governments ___________________ religious activites | discourage
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| LCDs can be exposed to values and beliefs originating in MDCs due to _______________ | globalization
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| banning of "western" things | television and movies
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| ________________________ of non-Islamic activities or religious sites | elimination
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| Hinduism vs Social Equality | caste system
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| due to the resurgence of fundamentalism caused __________ | religious wars
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| strict adherence of religion | fundamentalism
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| __________________ North Ireland vs ________________ Republic of Ireland | Protestant; Catholic
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| ____________ vs _______________ in Israel/Palestine | Jew; Muslims
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