APHG Unit II Vocab
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| Agricultural Density | The number of farmers on a section of arable land.
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| Anti-Natalist Policies | Government policies that discourage couples from having children
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| Arable | Farmable
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| Arithmetic Density | The number of total people on a section of land.
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| Asylum | Moving to another country in hopes of being recognized as a refugee
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| Baby boom | A period of high birth rates, usually occurring after wars
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| Baby bust | A period of lower birth rates, usually occurs after a baby boom.
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| Birth deficit | Term for when the crude death rate exceeds the crude birth rate
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| Brain drain | The most talented and capable individuals leave a country
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| Carrying capacity | The amount of people the land is capable of sustaining
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| Census | An official count of a country's population
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| Chain migration | Process where immigrants follow their friends or family to another place
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| Cohort | A population group distinguished by a certain characteristic
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| Counter Migration | The return of migrants to their country of origin
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| Crude Birth Rate | The number of live births in a year per 1,000 people.
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| Crude Death Rate | The number of deaths in a year per 1,000 people.
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| Demographic Transition | A model that describes population change over time
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| Demography | The study of populations and people
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| Dependent population | Nonworking people age 0-14 and over 65
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| Dependency ratio | Ratio of nonworking population versus the working population
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| Distance decay | When something moves further from the source, the connection weakens
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| Doubling time | The amount of time it takes for a population to double
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| Echo | A period of high birth rates that occurs when children from a baby boom reach childbearing age
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| Ecumene | The land on earth in which people live
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| Emigrants | People who leave a country
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| Epidemiologic transition | Causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
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| Epidemiology | The study of diseases
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| Expansive population pyramid | A population pyramid with a wide base, signalling a high number of births in a country
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| Forced migration | Involuntary migration, usually caused by wars, political persecution, or natural disasters
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| Gravity Model of Migration | A model that measures the interactions of cities or countries with regards to migration. Large cities attract high numbers of people. Small cities attract small numbers
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| Immigrants | People who move into a country
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| Industrial Revolution | Period between 1760 and 1820 marked by rapid improvements in technology and the processing of goods
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| Infant Mortality Rate | Total numbers of deaths of children under 1 year of age in a population
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| Internally Displaced Person | Someone who is forced to leave their home, but stays within their country of residence
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| Intervening obstacles | Any force that limits human migration
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| Life expectancy | The average amount of years a person is expected to live
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| Malthusian Theory | Idea that the world's population will grow faster than the food supply, leading to famine and shortages of food
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| Medical Revolution | Advances in medical technology that led to drop in crude death rate. Begun in Europe and North America and later diffused to Africa, South America, and Asia
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| Midlatitudes | Area from 30-60 degrees north and south of the Equator, known for mild climates and good soil
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| Migration | A permanent move to a new location
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| Natural Increase Rate | Percentage by which the population grows in a year
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| Neo-Malthusians | People concerned that the planet will run out of materials (fossil fuels, etc.). They no longer believe the earth will run out of food.
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| Overpopulation | A situation in which there are too many people and not enough resources in a given area
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| Pandemic | Outbreak of a disease that spreads worldwide
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| Physiological Density | Number of people per unit of arable land
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| Population Distribution | Where people are located in a given area
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| Population Density | How crowded a given area is
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| Population Pyramid | Method for measuring the age and sex of a given population
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| Potential Workforce | People from 15-64 in a country's population, expected to be society's labor force
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| Pro-Natalist Policies | Laws in a country that encourage people to have more children
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| Pull Factors | Things that make people want to move into a country
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| Push Factors | Things that make people want to move out of a country
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| Ravenstein's Laws of Migration | A theory of migration that says migrants usually move short distances, migration goes step by step, migrants who move far will move to cities, and each migration current produces a counter-current
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| Refugees | People forced to move from their country of residence to another country
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| Remittances | Money migrants send back to their country of origin
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| Return Migration | Migrants voluntarily move back to their country of origin
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| Sex ratio | The number of men versus women in a given area
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| Stationary Population Pyramid | A population pyramid with a narrow base, signalling lower birth rates and a low natural increase rate
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| Step Migration | Migration that follows a series of stages
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| Total Fertility Rate | The number of children a women is expected to have in her lifetime
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| Voluntary Migration | Someone moves to another place because they choose to
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| Xenophobia | Fear or dislike of foreigners
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| Zero Population Growth | Term for when the population of a country stops growing and the natural increase rate is 0%
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