Reconstruction (Post-Civil War)
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| Reconstruction | the process of rebuilding the Southern economy and society, as well as readmitting the Southern states back into the Union
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| Ten Percent Plan: Part 1 | offered Southerner’s amnesty, or official pardon, for all the illegal acts supporting the rebellion; Southerners had to swear an oath of loyalty to the US and agree that slavery was illegal
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| Ten Percent Plan: Part 2 | When 10% of voters in a state made these pledges, they could form a new government
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| Freedman's Bureau | federal agency that set up schools and hospitals for African Americans; provided clothing, food, and fuel throughout the South
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| John Wilkes Booth | assassinated Lincoln while he watched a play at Ford’s Theater in Washington D.C.
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| Andrew Johnson | Tennessean who was Lincoln's Vice-President & became President following Lincoln's assassination
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| black codes | laws passed by Southern states that limited the freedom of former slaves
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| Civil Rights Act of 1866 | stated all persons born in the US (except Native Americans) were citizens & entitled to equal rights regardless of their race
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| impeachment | when Congress charges the president of abusing the power of the office; it is part of checks and balances between the legislative and executive branches
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| Radical Republicans | believed Congress should oversee the policies that would remake the South; demanded full and equal citizenship for African Americans
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| Ku Klux Klan | angered that African American men were allowed to vote, they used violence to intimidate black voters in order to keep former slaves powerless
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| vigilante justice | KKK members accused former slaves of supposed crimes, with sentences carried out on the spot that included beatings, burning of homes, and lynching
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| Carpetbaggers | term used by Southerners for the white Northerners who moved to the South and served as Republican leaders during Reconstruction; many were members of the Freedmen's Bureau who wanted to reshape Southern society
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| Scalawags | term that former Confederates used for the white Southerners who opposed secession and supported Republican efforts during Reconstruction
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| Compromise of 1877 | following a disputed presidential election, Congressional leaders struck a deal with the South to accept the election of Rutherford B. Hayes in return for the ending of the federal government's Reconstruction efforts
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| Tennessee Constitution of 1870 | the third state constitution for TN and the one that is still in use today; gave African Americans and former Confederate soldiers the right to vote in state elections
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| poll tax | effectively eliminated the ability of African Americans to vote in TN, even though the TN Constitution of 1870 had protected their right to do so
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| veto | when the president refuses to allow a bill passed by Congress to become a law; part of a president's ability to check the power of Congress
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| override | when Congress votes by a 2/3 majority in both houses to stop a presidential veto so that a bill passed by Congress can become a law; part of Congress' ability to check the power of the president
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| Governor William Brownlow | became governor of TN when Andrew Johnson became vice-president; stripped voting rights from former Confederate soldiers and gave all men, including African Americans, the right to vote in TN state elections
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