APHG Ch 19 Vocab
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| functional zonation | idea that parts of a city are split into zones with distinct purposes
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| central business district | also known as CBD, this is the commercial heart of the city
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| concentric zone model | model in which a city is split into "rings" (also known as the Burgess model)
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| zone of transition | the ring of the concentric zone model characterized by industrial zoning mixed with low-income housing
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| Burgess Model | model in which a city is split into "rings" (also known as concentric zone model)
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| sector model | model in which a city is divided into sectors (also known as Hoyt's model)
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| Hoyt's model | model in which a city is divided into sectors (also known as the sector model)
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| Chauncy Harris | developed the multiple nuclei model, along with Edward Ullman
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| Edward Ullman | developed the multiple nuclei model, along with Chauncy Harris
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| multiple-nuclei model | model in which there are multiple business districts
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| peripheral model | variant of multiple-nuclei model, where suburban (peripheral) neighborhoods surround an inner city along roads or beltways
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| galactic city model | model where cities spread outward, leaving a declining inner city (this model specifically mentions edge cities)
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| edge cities | node in a suburb that acts as a mini-downtown
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| Griffen-Ford model | city model also known as the Latin American city model
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| spine | area along which businesses or residential zones develop, usually along roads or highways
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| mall | in the Latin American model, an area that grows along a spine and is filled with restaurants, parks, theaters, etc.
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| periferico | outer ring of a Latin American city, characterized by poverty, lack of infrastructure, and shantytowns
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| shantytowns | areas of poorly built housing
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| favelas | neighborhoods where extreme poverty is common (also known as barrios)
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| barrios | neighborhoods where extreme poverty is common (also known as favelas)
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| disamenity zones | areas not connected to city services, usually controlled by drug lords and/or gangs
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| traditional CBD | CBD that existed before European colonization
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| colonial CBD | CBD established by empires in their colonies
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| informal economy zone | stall-based business sell goods without formal regulations
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| periodic markets | small scale merchants congregate weekly or yearly to sell goods
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| informal settlements | areas of a city without planning, usually insufficient water and public transport or other services
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| squatter settlements | parts of a city where people reside wherever they can find space, usually due to a rapid influx of people
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| mosque | Muslim place of worship
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| citadel | a fort designed to protect the city, usually found in Islamic communities
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| suqs | market streets, found typically in Middle Eastern countries
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| McGee model | Southeast Asian city model, where the port is the focal point of the city
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| residential zones | areas devoted to where people live
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| residential density gradient | population density declines as you move out from a city
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| zoning ordinances | regulations that define what buildings can be built in certain areas
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| urban planning | process of promoting growth and controlling how land is used
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| filtering | houses pass from one social group to another
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| invasion and succession | where one ethnic/social group replaces another
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| gated communities | planned suburban areas where the access is controlled
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| big-box retail | large commercial stores, such as Walmart and Target
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| suburbanization of business | movement of commerce out to the suburbs
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| municipal | local government in a town/city
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| municipality | small area under the same legal jurisdiction
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| annexation | adding land to a city's territory
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| incorporation | legally joining together to form a city
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| bedroom communities | a commuter suburb
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| consolidation | one or more elements of government are handled jointly across municipalities
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| special districts | area of a city that solves a special need (ex. public transport)
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| unincorporated areas | areas that do not fall within the legal boundary of a city or municipality
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| census tracts | geographic region that forms the basis of the census
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| census block | small subdivision in a census tract
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| social area analysis | analyzing data about cities, such as crime, pollution, etc.
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