Female Reproductive System Vocabulary
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| adnexa uteri | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments.
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| amnion | Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
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| areola | Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple.
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| Bartholin glands | Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body). Caspar Bartholin was a Danish anatomist who described the glands in 1637.
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| cervix | Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
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| chorion | Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta.
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| clitoris | Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra.
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| coitus | Sexual intercourse; copulation. Pronunciation is K Ō - ĭ -t ŭ s.
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| corpus luteum | Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus).
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| cul-de-sac | Region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus.
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| embryo | Stage in prenatal development from 2 to 8 weeks.
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| endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus.
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| estrogen | Hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics.
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| fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus; also called an oviduct. The tubes were named for Gabriello Fallopia, an Italian anatomist.
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| fertilization | Union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops.
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| fetus | Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks.
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| fimbriae ( singular: fimbria) | Finger- or fringe-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes.
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum).
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| gamete | Male or female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum.
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| genitalia | Reproductive organs; also called genitals.
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| gestation | Period from fertilization of the ovum to birth.
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| gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and
hormones; ovary or testis.
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| gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts.
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| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by
stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and
progesterone.
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| hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina.
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| labia | Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and
labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips.
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| lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk within the breast.
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| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation.
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| mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection.
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| menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce.
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| menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation.
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| menstruation | Monthly shedding of the uterine lining. The fl ow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstruation is called the menses (Latin mensis means month).
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| myometrium | Muscle layer of the uterus.
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| neonatology | Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate).
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| obstetrics | Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth.
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| orifice | An opening.
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| ovarian follicle | Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. Only about 400 of these sacs mature in a woman ’ s lifetime.
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| ovary | One of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis.
Ovaries are almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and
produce egg cells (ova) and hormones.
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| ovulation | Release of the ovum from the ovary.
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| ovum (plural: ova) | Mature egg cell (female gamete). Ova develop from immature egg cells called oocytes.
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| parturition | Act of giving birth.
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| perineum | In females, the area between the anus and the vagina.
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| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. It produces hormones that stimulate the ovaries. The pituitary gland also regulates other endocrine organs.
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| placenta | Vascular organ attached to the uterine wall during pregnancy. It
permits the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and fetus.
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| pregnancy | Condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks.
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| progesterone | Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the
placenta of pregnant women.
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| puberty | Point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced.
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| uterine serosa | Outermost layer surrounding the uterus.
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| uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs. The upper portion is the fundus; the middle portion is the corpus; and the lowermost, neck-like portion is the cervix.
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| vagina | Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the
exterior of the body.
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| vulva | External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and
vaginal orifice.
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| zygote | Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation up to 2 weeks.
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