History of Latin America - Columbian Exchange
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| What was a major consequence of the encounter of the Spanish with the Aztecs and Incas? | the creation of a new Spanish empire
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| What was a consequence of the Spanish conquest of Latin America? | a trading culture called the Columbian Exchange
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| What does the Columbian Exchange describe? | the exchange of crops, goods, animals, and diseases between Europe and its colonies in the Americas
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| What were some of the impacts of the Columbian Exchange? | decline of indigenous population, agricultural change & introduction of the horse
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| What caused the decline of the indigenous population? | diseases brought by European explorers such as smallpox, measles, whooping cough, and influenza
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| Approximately how many of the indigenous populations died? | millions (estimated at 80% of the population)
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| What new foods were brought to Europe through the Columbian Exchange? | vegetables like corn, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkins, squash, and cacao beans
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| What new foods were brought to Latin America through the Columbian Exchange? | wheat, barley, sugarcane, and livestock like cattle, pigs, and sheep
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| How did the Columbian Exchange affect food production and human population? | food production increased which helped to increase human populations
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| What were horses used for? | transportation, labor & hunting
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| How did horses change the life of Native Americans on the plains? | they allowed Native Americans to hunt buffalo and other items
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| What was the major method of transportation for people until the early 20th century? | horses
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| What were the plans of many Spanish and Portuguese settlers that moved to the Americas? | to mine for gold and silver and grow sugarcane to export back to Europe
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| Since diseases killed many of the indigenous people in Latin America, who did the Europeans bring over to work in the sugarcane fields? | black slaves from Africa
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| Why were Africans preferred as laborers over Native Americans? | they had more immunity (resistance) to European diseases
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| Why was African slavery very important to the development of South America? | it helped the sugarcane plantation economies grow
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| What was the main source of income for Portuguese settlers in Brazil? | growing and selling sugarcane
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| What were the children of Europeans that married black slaves called? | Mulatto
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| African slavery was also very important in the development of what area? | the Caribbean islands known as the West Indies
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| What was the system of trade between Africa, the Americas, and Europe known as? | the Triangular Trade
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