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D - SS - Unit 6
History of Latin America - Columbian Exchange
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was a major consequence of the encounter of the Spanish with the Aztecs and Incas? | the creation of a new Spanish empire |
| What was a consequence of the Spanish conquest of Latin America? | a trading culture called the Columbian Exchange |
| What does the Columbian Exchange describe? | the exchange of crops, goods, animals, and diseases between Europe and its colonies in the Americas |
| What were some of the impacts of the Columbian Exchange? | decline of indigenous population, agricultural change & introduction of the horse |
| What caused the decline of the indigenous population? | diseases brought by European explorers such as smallpox, measles, whooping cough, and influenza |
| Approximately how many of the indigenous populations died? | millions (estimated at 80% of the population) |
| What new foods were brought to Europe through the Columbian Exchange? | vegetables like corn, tomatoes, peppers, pumpkins, squash, and cacao beans |
| What new foods were brought to Latin America through the Columbian Exchange? | wheat, barley, sugarcane, and livestock like cattle, pigs, and sheep |
| How did the Columbian Exchange affect food production and human population? | food production increased which helped to increase human populations |
| What were horses used for? | transportation, labor & hunting |
| How did horses change the life of Native Americans on the plains? | they allowed Native Americans to hunt buffalo and other items |
| What was the major method of transportation for people until the early 20th century? | horses |
| What were the plans of many Spanish and Portuguese settlers that moved to the Americas? | to mine for gold and silver and grow sugarcane to export back to Europe |
| Since diseases killed many of the indigenous people in Latin America, who did the Europeans bring over to work in the sugarcane fields? | black slaves from Africa |
| Why were Africans preferred as laborers over Native Americans? | they had more immunity (resistance) to European diseases |
| Why was African slavery very important to the development of South America? | it helped the sugarcane plantation economies grow |
| What was the main source of income for Portuguese settlers in Brazil? | growing and selling sugarcane |
| What were the children of Europeans that married black slaves called? | Mulatto |
| African slavery was also very important in the development of what area? | the Caribbean islands known as the West Indies |
| What was the system of trade between Africa, the Americas, and Europe known as? | the Triangular Trade |
Created by:
lprinke
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