Lab Exercise 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Intrinsic Stimulation | caused by specialized, noncontractile cells called autorhythmic cells
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| Intrinsic Conduction System | initiates action potentials for cardiac muscle fiber contraction and provides a pathway for conducting the action potential to all cardiac muscle fibers
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| Extrinsic Stimulation | ANS and hormones, only increase or decrease the intrinsic pace
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| Electrocardiograph | records electrical changes in the heart
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| Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) | chart recording of the electrical events before each heartbeat
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| P Wave | atrial depolarization, just before atrial contraction
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| QRS Complex | ventricular depolarization, before ventricles contract. Occurs during atrial repolarization
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| T Wave | ventricular repolarization, before ventricles contract
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| P-Q Interval | the time interval between the beginning of contraction of the atrium and the beginning of the contraction of the ventricle
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| Q-T Interval | the time from beginning of ventricular depolarization until the end of ventricular repolarization - ventricles are contracting
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| S-T Segment | represents the time the ventricular fibers are fully depolarized
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm | normal heart rate of 60-100 beats/min
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| Tachycardia | HR >100 beats/min
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| Bradycardia | HR <60 beats/min
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| Fibrillation | from prolonged tachycardia, rapid uncoordinated heart contractions that do not pump blood
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| Complete Heart Block | ventricles depolarizing independently from the atria
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| Heart Block | produced by cardiac damage to the AV node or bundle, reducing electrical conduction from atria to ventricles, P-Q interval >0.2 seconds
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| Right or Left Bundle Block | two ventricles do not contract simulatneously and QRS is prolonged.
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| Myocardial Ischemia | decreased blood flow, longer Q-T interval
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| Myocardial Damage | lengthens Q-T interval
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| Mean Electrical Axis (MEA) | average direction of depolarization as the impulses spread into the ventricles.
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| Hypertrophy | of one ventricle shifts the MEA toward the hypertrophied ventricle, because it takes longer to depolarize, about +59 degrees
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| Mean Electrical Magnitude | average voltage of depolarization
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| T/F: EKGs give info about the force of contraction of the cardiac muscle | False
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| Aside from the ANS, what other factor causes extrinsic stimulation | hormones
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| Cardiac Cycle | time in seconds for one heartbeat
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