HSF II Lab IV
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| [Blank] cells are specialized, non-contractile cells which cause the intrinsic stimulation of the heart. | Autorhythmic
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| What is the difference between an electrocardiograph and electrocardiogram? | An ECgraph is the machine/instrument used to record elec. changes in the heart, its output (chart recording of all elec. events prior to each heartbeat) is a ECgram
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| True or False: EKGs give info about the force of contraction of the cardiac muscle | False
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| Aside from the ANS, name one other factor which can cause extrinsic stimulation | Hormones
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| P wave | atrial depolarization
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| P-Q Interval | time between beginning of atria contracting and beginning of ventricles
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| T wave | ventricular repolarization
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| S-T segment | ventricular fibers fully depolarized
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| QRS complex | ventricular depolarization
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| Q-T interval | ventricles contracting (beginning of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization)
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| One instance where heart rate >100 is normal | in young children
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| One instance in which a heart rate <60 is normal | highly conditioned people like athletes
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| What would you be concerned for in a patient who has persistent tachycardia? | they may develop fibrillation
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| Fibrillation | rapid, uncoordinated heart contractions
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| Cardiac Cycle | the time in seconds for one heartbeat
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| A lengthened P-Q interval could be indicative of a [blank], which is produced by cardiac damage to the AV node/ AV bundle and reduces the electrical conduction from the atria to the ventricles | heart block
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| Which segment of an EKG would you look at to determine if an individual has a right or left bundle branch block? | QRS complex
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| The relaxation period extends from the end of the (P or T?) wave to the start of the next (P or T?) wave | T/P
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| How do delta T times change as you look between data from subject laying down vs. after exercise? | Delta T times decreased after exercise when compared to laying down/resting (due to increase in heart rate)
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| What, if any, change would you expect to see in Q-T intervals with an increased heart rate? | Q-T interval shortening
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| The average angle/direction of depolarization of the heart is the (Mean Electrical Axis or Mean Electrical Magnitude) | Mean Electrical Axis
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| The average voltage of an action potential going through the heart is the (Mean Electrical Axis/ Mean Electrical Magnitude) | Mean Electrical Magnitude
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| Where does depolarization begin in the heart? | SA node
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| The AV node is unable to create the intrinsic pace of the heart in the absence of the SA node. True or False | False
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| (Lead I or Lead III?) is a horizontal axis of observation, while (Lead I / Lead III?) has an axis of about 120 degrees. | Lead I / Lead III
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| normal mean electrical axis | 60
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| Is an MEA of 35 degrees right- or left-shifted? | Left, because less than 60
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| If an individual had hypertrophy in their right ventricle, you could expect to observe a (right or left?) axis on their EKG tracing. | Right
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| If an individual had a left bundle branch block, you could expect to observe a (right or left?) axis on their EKG tracing. | Left
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| Autorhythmic Cells | cause intrinsic stimulation, the heart beats by itself
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| Intrinsic Stimulation | by autorhythmic cells, makes the heart beat by itself
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| Extrinsic Stimulation | heart stimulation by the ANS and hormones
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| Intrinsic Conduction System | initiates action potential that causes cardiac muscle contraction, provides a pathway to conduct to all cardiac muscle fibers
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| Electrocardiograph | used to record the electrical charges of the heart
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| Electrocardiogram | ECG or EKG, chart recording the elec. events of each heartbeat, recorded from the whole heart
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| Normal Sinus Rhythm | NSR, 60-100 beats/min for adults
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| Tachycardia | heart rate above 100 beats/min, prolonged can cause fibrillation
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| Bradycardia | heart rate below 60 beats/min
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| Heart Block | P-Q intervals >0.2 sec, produced by cardiac damage to the AV node or AV bundle.
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| Complete Heart Block | results in ventricles depolarizing independently from the atria
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| Myocardial Ischemia | decreased blood flow, increased Q-T interval
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| Myocardial Damage | lengthens Q-T interval
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| Relaxation Period | end of T wave to start of next P wave
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| Mean Electrical Axis | average direction of depolarization, deviation shows heart disorders
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| Hypertrophy of One Ventricle | shifts the mean axis of dep. toward the hypertrophied ventricle because it takes longer to depolarize
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| Left Ventricle Hypertrophy | caused by hypertension or narrowing of the aortic semilunar valve
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| Right Axis Deviation | Right bundle branch block, or right ventricle hypertrophy
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