quiz
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| the first nation to explore | Portugal
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| second nation to explore | Spain
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| Europeans outside of Italy knew that trade would be more profitable if they gained direct water access to | Asia
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| country that does not explore | Italy
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| What are the three motives for exploration? | God, glory, gold
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| The Portuguese attempted to find a direct water route to Asia | by going around Africa
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| the Portuguese colonized what country under Pedro Cabral? | Brazil
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| Why did it make sense that the Portuguese found this region? | Brazilians speak Portuguese
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| Columbus belief? | sail directly west would eventually lead him to a direct water route to Asia
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| Two mistakes Columbus made? | 1) he underestimated the circumference of the Earth
2) he did not know that a continent lay in his path
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| Who sponsored Columbus although he was Italian? | Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
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| Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain hoped to gain wealth and political prestige which led to | Spanish Inquisition; expel Muslims and Jews
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| patron for navigation; dies halfway through Africa | Prince Henry
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| reaches the Southern tip of Africa; names the Cape of Storms | Bartholomeu Dias
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| went all the way around Africa to India | Vasco da Gama
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| Spanish tried to lay claims to the land of the new world by asking Pope Alexander VI to support, and drafted an agreement | Treaty of Tordesillas
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| led the first voyage to circumnavigate the world, and passed the Americas by going around South America | Ferdinand Magellan
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| underestimated the size of Pacific Ocean, Magellan's voyage reached | the Phillippines
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| why did they name it the Philippines? | they named it after the Spanish King Phillip
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| Magellan died there but, | 1 ship and 18 men became the first to sail around the globe
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| Which countries set up colonies in the New World? | England, France, Netherlands
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| conquistador who conquered the Aztecs | Heman Cortes
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| 3 reasons the Europeans were so successful in conquering native lands | 1. Superior military technology
2. Division among the natives
3. Disease
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| defined as the right of settlers in the new world to use the natives as laborers | encomiedna
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| natives who labored for Spanish worked on | plantations raising sugar cane or gold and silver
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| natives who labored for the Portuguese worked on | dealt w/ heavy jungle growth, made farming and mining
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| natives were killed if they refused to work or submit to will of Europeans such as | Catholocism
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| workers in debt bondage | peons
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| priest who opposed encomiedna and the poor treatment of the natives | Bartolome de las Casas
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| Bartolome suggestion? | He decides to bring over Africans to help around since they live in similar climate,, later becomes slave trade
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| officials chosen by the King of Spain to rule over large areas of the colonies in the king's name | viceroys
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| the pyramid of colonial society | peninsularas: came to America from Europe
Creoles: Pure European descent born in America
mesitoes: mix born native and eurpeans
multatoes: half african half european
Native:
African:slaves
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| defined as the global transfer of plants animals and diseas etc., betwn the old and new worlds mostly to the benefit of Europeans | Colombian Exchange
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| items that came from the old world to the new | people, cattle, horses
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| items that came from the new world to old? | products/crops, potatoes, beans, corns, tobacco, tomatoes
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| the exchange lead to increased diets | BETTER NUTRITION!!!!
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| new economic system: economic theory - nation's strength based on wealth - favorable balance of trade (encourages colonization) - colonization + natural resources + market | mercantillism
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| European competition for wealth, more colonies, stronger militaries | Capitalism
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| 5 impacts of exploration | 1. Colombian exchange
2. New economic systems
3. Destruction of Native Culture
4. African Slave Trade
5. Creation of New Culture in New Americas - European and African culture blended
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| three-legged network that exchanged goods from Europe to Africas and Americas | Triangular trade
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| spread of African culture throughout the world but the weakening of that culture in that place | Diaspora
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| the passage the slaves journeyed on; 5 to 12 week journey across the Atlantic Ocean, transition of slaves to America | middle passage
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| What is Japan's first trade interaction with Europe? | The Portuguese brings guns.
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| Why does the Tokugawa Shogunate change their stance on trade with Europe? | The Portuguese want to bring in their Catholicism which goes against the government. They shut off trade with Europeans for 20 years.
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| The Ming Dynasty rose up after the overthrow of | Mongol Kublai Khan Yuan
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| What did they revive? | traditional Chinese values; Confucianism
civil service exams
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| What did the Ming do? | - strengthening the office of the emperor
- they moved the capital to Beijing
- built Great Wall of China
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| "Ming" means | brilliant
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| the imperial city was surrounded by high walls and a moat, only people allowed to enter were | the Royal family and his entourage
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| color of the emperor | yellow
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| 2 exceptions to the yellow tiles of roofs | 1. library had black thought to be associated w/ water > fire prevention
2. the Crown Prince have green was associated w/ wood therefore growth
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| The other form of fire prevention | placed tubs of water around buildings
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| the entire city was built of | wood
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| The Ming Dynasty sponsored sea voyages of | Zheng He
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| sailed all over the Indian Ocean but in 1435, the Ming destroyed the fleet and returned to Isolationism | Zheng He
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| What ways did the Ming restrict trade with the Europeans? | a. refused to accept goods except w/Canton
b. accepted only gold and silver from Europeans
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| During the Qing Dynasty, China was ruled by? | Manchu People from the North
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| What did the Manchu force men to do? | to wear their hair in the Manchu style, shaved their heads and braided back for their hair
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| What was so bad about the Manchu hairstyle? | it went against Confucianism bc it required them to cut their hair
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| What was the purpose of the order to this style? | to erase Han Chinese pride and culture, and achieve psychological enslavement
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| Most of Qing Dynasty, China stays | the most advanced civilization in the world and is able to control trade w/ Europe
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| In the middle of Qing rule, China is? | weakened and are not able to keep up w/ European advances in technology and education
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| result of Spanish exploration | created a strong, wealthy overseas empire in New World based on colonization and the exploitation of Natives
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| result of Portuguese Exploration | 1. fought Arab Muslims and took control over spice trade for awhile
2. created a small trading empire in the east but was limited
3. colonized Brazil
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| magnetic compass and astrolabe brought | to Europe from Muslims
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| more accurate maps detailing the shape of coastlines and the distance btwn ports | portolan maps
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| cartogrpahers |
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| Defeated Mongol invasions with the help of kamikaze storms and kept Japan free of Mongol rule | Kamakura Shogunate
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| Weak shogun because of strong daimyos First introduction of European goods – guns! – from Portuguese traders | Ashikaga Shogunate
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| Strong shoguns brought peace, prosperity and unity to Japan The peace hurt the samurai Social structure of feudalism became even more rigid | Tokugawa Shogunate
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| Established by a peasant Zhu Yuanzhang | Ming Dynasty
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| moved the capital to what is today Bejing | Ming Dynasty
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| Revived traditional Chinese values such as Confucianism and civil service exams | Ming Dynsaty
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| Strengthened the office of emperor | Ming Dynasty
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| Built many of the portions of the Great Wall seen today | Ming Dynasty
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| Controlled trade with Europeans by refusing to officially trade with them except in the port of Canton Accepted only gold and silver from the Europeans | Restriction of foreign trade
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| Ming lost the mandate in | 1644
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| capitalism | Joint-stock company
“Putting out” system
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| joint ownership over a business | joint-stock company
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