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Exploration
quiz
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the first nation to explore | Portugal |
| second nation to explore | Spain |
| Europeans outside of Italy knew that trade would be more profitable if they gained direct water access to | Asia |
| country that does not explore | Italy |
| What are the three motives for exploration? | God, glory, gold |
| The Portuguese attempted to find a direct water route to Asia | by going around Africa |
| the Portuguese colonized what country under Pedro Cabral? | Brazil |
| Why did it make sense that the Portuguese found this region? | Brazilians speak Portuguese |
| Columbus belief? | sail directly west would eventually lead him to a direct water route to Asia |
| Two mistakes Columbus made? | 1) he underestimated the circumference of the Earth 2) he did not know that a continent lay in his path |
| Who sponsored Columbus although he was Italian? | Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain |
| Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain hoped to gain wealth and political prestige which led to | Spanish Inquisition; expel Muslims and Jews |
| patron for navigation; dies halfway through Africa | Prince Henry |
| reaches the Southern tip of Africa; names the Cape of Storms | Bartholomeu Dias |
| went all the way around Africa to India | Vasco da Gama |
| Spanish tried to lay claims to the land of the new world by asking Pope Alexander VI to support, and drafted an agreement | Treaty of Tordesillas |
| led the first voyage to circumnavigate the world, and passed the Americas by going around South America | Ferdinand Magellan |
| underestimated the size of Pacific Ocean, Magellan's voyage reached | the Phillippines |
| why did they name it the Philippines? | they named it after the Spanish King Phillip |
| Magellan died there but, | 1 ship and 18 men became the first to sail around the globe |
| Which countries set up colonies in the New World? | England, France, Netherlands |
| conquistador who conquered the Aztecs | Heman Cortes |
| 3 reasons the Europeans were so successful in conquering native lands | 1. Superior military technology 2. Division among the natives 3. Disease |
| defined as the right of settlers in the new world to use the natives as laborers | encomiedna |
| natives who labored for Spanish worked on | plantations raising sugar cane or gold and silver |
| natives who labored for the Portuguese worked on | dealt w/ heavy jungle growth, made farming and mining |
| natives were killed if they refused to work or submit to will of Europeans such as | Catholocism |
| workers in debt bondage | peons |
| priest who opposed encomiedna and the poor treatment of the natives | Bartolome de las Casas |
| Bartolome suggestion? | He decides to bring over Africans to help around since they live in similar climate,, later becomes slave trade |
| officials chosen by the King of Spain to rule over large areas of the colonies in the king's name | viceroys |
| the pyramid of colonial society | peninsularas: came to America from Europe Creoles: Pure European descent born in America mesitoes: mix born native and eurpeans multatoes: half african half european Native: African:slaves |
| defined as the global transfer of plants animals and diseas etc., betwn the old and new worlds mostly to the benefit of Europeans | Colombian Exchange |
| items that came from the old world to the new | people, cattle, horses |
| items that came from the new world to old? | products/crops, potatoes, beans, corns, tobacco, tomatoes |
| the exchange lead to increased diets | BETTER NUTRITION!!!! |
| new economic system: economic theory - nation's strength based on wealth - favorable balance of trade (encourages colonization) - colonization + natural resources + market | mercantillism |
| European competition for wealth, more colonies, stronger militaries | Capitalism |
| 5 impacts of exploration | 1. Colombian exchange 2. New economic systems 3. Destruction of Native Culture 4. African Slave Trade 5. Creation of New Culture in New Americas - European and African culture blended |
| three-legged network that exchanged goods from Europe to Africas and Americas | Triangular trade |
| spread of African culture throughout the world but the weakening of that culture in that place | Diaspora |
| the passage the slaves journeyed on; 5 to 12 week journey across the Atlantic Ocean, transition of slaves to America | middle passage |
| What is Japan's first trade interaction with Europe? | The Portuguese brings guns. |
| Why does the Tokugawa Shogunate change their stance on trade with Europe? | The Portuguese want to bring in their Catholicism which goes against the government. They shut off trade with Europeans for 20 years. |
| The Ming Dynasty rose up after the overthrow of | Mongol Kublai Khan Yuan |
| What did they revive? | traditional Chinese values; Confucianism civil service exams |
| What did the Ming do? | - strengthening the office of the emperor - they moved the capital to Beijing - built Great Wall of China |
| "Ming" means | brilliant |
| the imperial city was surrounded by high walls and a moat, only people allowed to enter were | the Royal family and his entourage |
| color of the emperor | yellow |
| 2 exceptions to the yellow tiles of roofs | 1. library had black thought to be associated w/ water > fire prevention 2. the Crown Prince have green was associated w/ wood therefore growth |
| The other form of fire prevention | placed tubs of water around buildings |
| the entire city was built of | wood |
| The Ming Dynasty sponsored sea voyages of | Zheng He |
| sailed all over the Indian Ocean but in 1435, the Ming destroyed the fleet and returned to Isolationism | Zheng He |
| What ways did the Ming restrict trade with the Europeans? | a. refused to accept goods except w/Canton b. accepted only gold and silver from Europeans |
| During the Qing Dynasty, China was ruled by? | Manchu People from the North |
| What did the Manchu force men to do? | to wear their hair in the Manchu style, shaved their heads and braided back for their hair |
| What was so bad about the Manchu hairstyle? | it went against Confucianism bc it required them to cut their hair |
| What was the purpose of the order to this style? | to erase Han Chinese pride and culture, and achieve psychological enslavement |
| Most of Qing Dynasty, China stays | the most advanced civilization in the world and is able to control trade w/ Europe |
| In the middle of Qing rule, China is? | weakened and are not able to keep up w/ European advances in technology and education |
| result of Spanish exploration | created a strong, wealthy overseas empire in New World based on colonization and the exploitation of Natives |
| result of Portuguese Exploration | 1. fought Arab Muslims and took control over spice trade for awhile 2. created a small trading empire in the east but was limited 3. colonized Brazil |
| magnetic compass and astrolabe brought | to Europe from Muslims |
| more accurate maps detailing the shape of coastlines and the distance btwn ports | portolan maps |
| cartogrpahers | |
| Defeated Mongol invasions with the help of kamikaze storms and kept Japan free of Mongol rule | Kamakura Shogunate |
| Weak shogun because of strong daimyos First introduction of European goods – guns! – from Portuguese traders | Ashikaga Shogunate |
| Strong shoguns brought peace, prosperity and unity to Japan The peace hurt the samurai Social structure of feudalism became even more rigid | Tokugawa Shogunate |
| Established by a peasant Zhu Yuanzhang | Ming Dynasty |
| moved the capital to what is today Bejing | Ming Dynasty |
| Revived traditional Chinese values such as Confucianism and civil service exams | Ming Dynsaty |
| Strengthened the office of emperor | Ming Dynasty |
| Built many of the portions of the Great Wall seen today | Ming Dynasty |
| Controlled trade with Europeans by refusing to officially trade with them except in the port of Canton Accepted only gold and silver from the Europeans | Restriction of foreign trade |
| Ming lost the mandate in | 1644 |
| capitalism | Joint-stock company “Putting out” system |
| joint ownership over a business | joint-stock company |
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