BIO161 - Eye
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| Where is the eye located? | in the orbit
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| How is the eye held in place? | 1) fat pads; 2) optic nerve from the posterior end
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| What is another name for the eyelid? What is the location called where the eyelids meet? | palpebra; palpebral fissure
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| What is the purpose of the extrinsic ocular muscles? How many are there? | fxn: to move the eye (to see, to scan); 6 muscles (3 pairs)
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| Where is the lateral rectus muscle located, what is it's function, what nerves are involved? | location: temporal side; fxn: moves eye laterally; N: LR6, controlled by CN VI
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| What is the function and nerves involved for the superior oblique? | fxn: depresses eye and turns it laterally; N: SO4, CN IV
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| Except for the lateral rectus and superior oblique, which nerve controls the remaining extrinsis ocular muscles? | CN III
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| What are the structures in the anterior 1/6 of the eye? | conjunctiva (bulbar & palpebral)and cornea
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| What is the conjunctiva? | a mucous membrane that covers the superior & inferior anterior eyeball; it is also reflected into the eyelid
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| What is the cornea? | It covers the anterior 1/6 of the eye; it is transparent (lets light through); has no blood supply
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| What is the only tissue that can be transplanted w/o a need for matching? | cornea
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| What is the pupil? | an opening surrounded by the iris; lets light through; size of pupil is determined by contraction & relaxation of the iris
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| What is the iris? | a muscle; it 's the colored part of the anterior eye; controls the size of the pupil
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| What is the function of the lens? | focuses light; transparent
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| What is the ciliary body? | lies behind the iris; produces aqueous humor
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| What is the aqueous humor? the vitreous humor? | aqueous humor: fluid fills anterior chamber of the eye, is produced by the ciliary body, is reabsorbed by the Schlemm;
vitreous humor: located behind the lens, fills posterior chamber of the eye, is a jelly-like material, allows light to pass through
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| What are examples of drugs that affect the size of the pupil? | cocaine dilates the pupils; heroin restricts the pupils
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| What are the 3 layers that cover the posterior 5/6 of the eye? (from outside to inside) | sclera, choroid, retina
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| What is the sclera? | a tough white coating that coeres the eyeball (the white of the eye)
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| What is the choroid? | aka: uvea; it is the vascular layer; it extens anteriorly as the ciliary body; the ciliary body gives rise to the iris; the suspension ligaments coming from the ciliary body keep the lens in place
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| What is the retina? | consists of a neural layer and a pigmented layer
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| What is the neural layer of the retina? | contains neurons; the axons of the most posterior set of neurons form the optic nerve (CN II)
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| Where is the optic nerve located? | it exits the eye at the optic disk (aka the blind spot) at exactly the posterior pole
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| What is the macula lutea? | located near the center of the retina; contains the fovea centralis
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| What is the fovea centralis? | located in the center of the macula lutea, it has the highest visual acuity; the rest of the area is peripheral vision
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| What are the internal structures of the eye, anterior to posterior? | cornea, anterior chamber of the eye, pupil, iris, lens, cilliary body, vitreous humor
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| What eye disease is a result of a blockage in the aqueous humor pathway? | glaucoma
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