Finals Study Guide
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| What is Intermodal? | Several different modes of transport needed before delivery of goods actually take place
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| What are the four types of transportation in Georgia? | Railroads, Hartsfield-Jackson Airport, Highways, and Deepwater ports in Savannah and Brunswick
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| What determines which way a highway will run? | Whether the highway is an even or odd number. Even means it'll run east and west, odd means it runs north and south
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| How many interstate highways does Atlanta have running through it? | 4 total highways (I-75, I-85, I-20, and I-285, or the Perimeter runs around it)
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| How do the transportation systems help Georgia's economy? | They increase business and tourism in Georgia
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| What is a middleman? | a trader who buys goods from producers and sells them to other traders and consumers for a higher price
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| Who was the first European explorer in Georgia and where was he from? | Hernando de Soto from Spain
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| What animals did the Europeans bring over to the new world? | Dogs and Horses
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| In between which events did the Mississippians exist? | Between the Woodland period and when the Europeans made contact with the Native Americans in the late 15th century
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| Who took the Spanish's land from them? | Great Britain
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| Who did King George give authority to colonize Georgia? | James Oglethorpe and his 20 trustees
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| What is the difference between a trustee colony and a royal colony? | A trustee colony is ruled by a group of trustees who are there to rule in place of the king, but in a royal colony , it is ruled from a direct representative of the king.
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| What was James Oglethorpe original intent for colonizing Georgia? | To help debtors avoid debtors' prison by giving them another chance to pay their debts by working in the new colony; Charity
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| Who was the translator for Yamacraw Chief Tomochichi and James Oglethorpe? | Mary Musgrove
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| Which Indian tribe helped out James Oglethorpe and the original colonists when they arrived in Georgia? | Yamacraw Tribe
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| Who was the longest lasting royal governor of Georgia? | James Wright
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| What is the name of the document King George II gave James Oglethorpe? | The Charter of 1732
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| What spurred the Malcontents group to be formed? | Their disagreement with the trustee policies and thus they did not have the same loyalty towards the trustees like most colonists
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| What were the reasons for colonizing Georgia? | Philanthropy, Defense, and Economics
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| How long was the Charter of 1732 supposed to last? How long did it actually last? | It was supposed to last for 21 years, but it actually lasted 20 years
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| What did the Spanish call the coastal region of Georgia? | Guale
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| Who was the New World named after? | Amerigo Vespucci
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| What was mercantilism? | The system of exporting more goods than importing to get more profit
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| What was the reason for Spanish exploration? | The 3 G's (God, Gold, and Glory)
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| What group of settlers came with a free passage to the New World in exchange for servitude for a certain amount of time, usually 4-7 years? | Indentured servants
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| Savannah is the first city in the New World that was planned before it was built. Who’s design was the plan based off on? | Robert Castell, James Oglethorpe's friend who died in a debtors' prison
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| What crop, and invention, mainly led to the increase of the amount of slaves? | Cotton, cotton gin
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| European explorers were looking to reach India's Spice Islands through what? | Northwest passage
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| When did Georgia colonists begin their limited self government system? | During Georgia's Royal Colony Period
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| What group of colonists were hired by James Oglethorpe to protect the colony from other forces? | Highland Scots
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| Fence sitters were... | people that didn't choose any side, scared that they would pick the losing side
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| Name the signers of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia | Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, George Walton
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| What was the first constitution of the US? How many votes did it give to each state? | The Articles of Confederation, ONE
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| Which document stated that "All men are created equal"? Which part of the document? | Declaration of Independence, Preamble
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| What were the colonists who supported British forces called? What about those that were opposed of them? | Loyalists; Patriots
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| What are the parts of the Constitution? The Declaration of Independence? | Constitution: Preamble, Articles, Amendments
DOI: Preamble, Declaration of Natural Rights, Grievances, Resolution, Signatures
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| What battle ended the Revolutionary War? | Battle of Yorktown
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| What was set up in Georgia in 1775 when the Provincial Congress voted to join other colonies in boycotting trading with the British? | Committees of Safety
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| What did the Stamp Act of 1765? | It put a tax on the sale of printed materials
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| Why were settlers so upset over the ban from going west of the Appalachian Mountains? | They were promised land in the Ohio River valley for fighting in the French Indian War
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| All three signers of the DOI served what same political position? | They were all governors of Georgia
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| Which Declaration of Independence signer from Georgia died in a duel? | Button Gwinnett
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| What happened that ensured the Tories outside of Savannah played no major role in Georgia’s fight for independence? | Battle of Kettle Creek
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| What act was passed because of the actions of the Boston Tea Party and what did it state? | The Intolerable Acts:
Closing the port of Boston
Forbidding people from assembling
Having trials be in Britain rather than in the colonies if a British soldier were to do wrong
Quartering Act
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| What did the etching by Paul Revere show that happened in March 1770? | The Boston Massacre
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| Who was the only person to represent Georgia at first? | Lyman Hall
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| This Georgian signer of the Declaration of Independence was most successful out of the three in his political career. | George Walton
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| The Proclamation of 1763 established what as the southern boundary of Georgia ? | St. Mary's River
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| What was the effect of the French and Indian War? | Britain went into debt trying to pay for the damage the war had created
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| What was the meeting in Philadelphia called where they decided to write the Declaration of Independence? | Second Continental Congress
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| Who was John Ross? | He was the chief of the Cherokee Tribe during the time of the
Trail of Tears. He tried to prevent the Cherokee from being moved. Wife died on the Trail of Tears
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| How many land companies were involved in the Yazoo Land Fraud and what did they do to get the land? | 4 Land Companies, Bribery
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| Where was the Cherokee nation forced to move to on the Trail of Tears? | to Indian Territory, or what is now Oklahoma
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| What did Congress do to the Yazoo Land Fraud contract afterwards? | BURN IT
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| What is the Louisiana Purchase most known for? | It was the largest land grant purchase
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| What does SALMA stand for in Georgia? | They stand for the capitals of Georgia since it was colonized till now, Savannah, Augusta, Louisville, Milledgeville, Atlanta
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| What is Manifest Destiny? | the belief that it was God's will for US boundaries to stretch from east to west all over North America
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| How much did the Louisiana Purchase cost and who paid for it? | $15 million, Thomas Jefferson
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| Why did the capital of Georgia keep on changing and moving and in what direction? | The capitals changed as the majority of Georgia's population also grew and relocated. The capitals headed in a westward direction
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| What were to two major crops in Georgia? | Cotton and Tobacco
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| What was Atlanta's original name(s)? | First Terminus, and then Marthasville in 1843 (Atlanta is feminine for Atlantic)
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| What was the impact on Georgia as a result of the Yazoo Land Fraud? | Georgia lost a lot of land and it became what it looks like now, the Chattahoochee River as its western boundary and the Savannah River as its eastern boundary.
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| Why were railroads created? | faster transport
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| What started the Trail of Tears? | Yazoo Land Fraud
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| How did farmers move their products? | By boats, ferries, wagons, trains, etc
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| What are turnpikes? | a spiked barrier to serve as a post or a defense mechanism
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| What was the Panic of 1837? | a state of depression for the US that lasted into the early 1840's. Many businesses failed and many lost land
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| Expansion westward due in part to the success of what? | cotton
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| What were two inventions that helped Georgia's economy grow? | The cotton gin and the mechanical reaper
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| Who created the cotton gin? | Eli Whitney
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| Define Sectionalism | the belief that the ideas of people in a certain area are better than the ideas of people in other areas
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| What was the Antebellum period? What was the Reconstruction period? | The Antebellum period was the period before the Civil War> Reconstruction was the period after the war in which the South had to rebuild itself up again.
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| Which parts of the United Sates were free states? Which were slave states? | The Northern side of the US was free, while the Southern part were slave states
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| Did the Emancipation Proclamation free slaves all over the Unites States? | It did not. It only freed slaves in the southern slave states and it wasn't until the 13th Amendment to the Constitution was passed that slaves were freed
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| What did Harriet Beecher Stowe do to affect the abolitionist movement? | She wrote a book called "Uncle Tom's Cabin" that showed what the life of a slave was like and brought the attention of the North to the situation and showed them what slaves had to endure.
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| Explain what the Missouri Compromise did to benefit the North? | The Missouri Compromise let Maine become a free state and slavery was forbidden in the Louisiana Territory
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| What was the importance of the 15th Amendment? | It gave all men the right to vote, making both colored and white men finally equal.
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| Who was John Brown? | John Brown was an abolitionist who led a raid in Virginia to provide supplies to slaves, but was unsuccessful.
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| How did the Compromise of 1850 effect the North? What about the South? | North: California entered as a free state, slave trade ended in District of Columbia, New Mexico became free
South: Fugitive Slave Act
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| What was the result of the Dred Scott case? | African Americans were stated as not to be, and never to be, real citizens of the United States
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| What were the two campaigns in Georgia and what were the reasons for planning them? | Atlanta Campaign and Savannah Campaign(Sherman's March to the Sea). The Union wanted to end civilian support and shorten the war
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| Who ran the Andersonville prison camp? What happened to him after Andersonville was disbanded? how many soldiers died under his care? | - Captain Henry Wirz
- he was executed
- about 13000 died
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| Who became the president of the Confederate States of America? Who was the vice president? | President: Jefferson Davis
Vice: Alexander Stephens
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| What battle started the Civil War? | Battle of Fort Sumter
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| What was unique about the election of 1860? | It was the first time that a candidate won without a single vote from a certain part of the Country
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| What was the most significant battle in the Civil War to Georgia? | Battle of Chickamauga because it was the second bloodiest in the Civil War and it happened in Georgia
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| What was the most significant part of the Civil War that helped the North win? How did it help? | - Anaconda Plan/ Union Blockade
- It blocked off southern ports so the South wasn't able to get help from outside forces, which cut off its supply lines and weakened the South
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| What did the South need more of, or were lacking, in comparison to the North? | Enough men, supplies, training, gold, funds, land, population, industrial production
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| What was the goal of the South? how about North? | South: Fight the north (Defense)
North: Wanted the country to become UNITED again (offense)
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| Where did the South end fighting and surrender? Where did they officially surrender? Who was involved? | - Richmond, Virginia
- Appomattox Courthouse
- Ulyssess S. Grant (Union) and Robert E. Lee (Confederate)
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| Which plan for reconstruction was the best? What did it do? | Lincoln's 10 percent plan which stated that if a southern state wanted to join the Union again, 10 percent of its voters had to sign an oath of allegiance to the Union.
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| What was the case with Henry McNeal Turner? | He was kicked out of the Georgia General Assembly because the government stated that African Americans were given the right to vote but not the right to hold office
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| What group of people wanted to punish ex-Confederates? | Radical Republicans
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| What was flawed about Johnson's plan for reconstruction? | it was too lenient towards ex-confederates and were to giving towards them.
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| In the Kansas-Nebraska Act, what was used to decide the slavery issue? | Voting/ Popular sovereignty
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| What group had a goal to help newly freed slaves and freed men? | Freedmen's Bureau
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| What led Georgia to consider seceding from the Union? | Lincoln's election
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| Which group of people wanted to preserve the Southern way of life and was a racist group that solved their issues through violence and intimidation? | Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
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| What is States' rights? | When the interests and ideas of the state is more important than the national government's
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| What were some causes of the Civil War? | States' Rights, Sectionalism, Slavery
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