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| led to exploration stimulated trade increased power of monarchs | positive impacts of the crusades
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| banking was adopted because it was | easier to travel without gold
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| new farming technology led to | population growth
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| Which of the following was part of the commercial revolution? | agriculture to trade; barter to money economy; from manors to cities
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| Banking in western europe became the domain of the? | Jews
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| Romanesque architecture was characterized by | thick walls and few windows
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| Western european cities were | dirty; covered in poop
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| permission for a city to trade | charter
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| stained glass images were used to? | teach the illeterate
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| The impact of the crises that ended the Middle ages | weakened the manor system
weakened feudalism
increased the power of monarchs
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| Crises that led to the end of the Middle Ages | The Black Plague
the 100 yrs war
the war of the Roses
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| Joan of Arc fought in the | 100 yrs war
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| characteristics of Gothic cathedrals | grotesque
soaring height
pointed arches
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| serfs became what during the High Middle Ages? | tenant farms
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| cities grew up where? | trade fair took place
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| Middle ages art was meant to teach lessons so it was not | beautiful or realistic
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| the war of Roses ended with | a marriage btwn the 2 feuding families
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| the black death was caused by | the spread of disease along trade routes from the East
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| the major impact of The Great Schism was | the weakening of the church
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| France developed into a centralized monarchy with? | absolute power
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| religious wars fought by European Christians to win back the Holy Land | crusades
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| What were the positive outcomes of the Crusades? | Economic: stimulated trade
Political: increases power of the monarchs
Education: exposed Western Europe to the advanced Eastern culture
Worldview: led to exploration
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| The high middle ages were a time of ? | economic recovery
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| high middle ages were characterized by | agricultural revolution, revival of trade, and the growth of population
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| What made farming more productive? | new technology;
more land available they could drain swamps and clear forests
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| manor > 3 field system | left 1 field open to not exhaust soil
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| the transformation of the economy | commercial revolution
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| Banking was adopted from? | the Muslims
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| Banking was easier and safer to ? | travel without gold
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| banking became the domain of | Jews and Jews were barred from laws and
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| no longer the only form of wealth and thus power | land
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| serfs become what? | tenant farmers; pay rent in cash and farming
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| towns and cities grew up around ? | castles where trade fair takes place
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| a document that each city is required to have to get the kings' permission to trade | charter
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| a new social class of non-landowners developing wealth; merchants, traders, artisans, craftspeople, peasants no longer on manors | middle class
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| provide education and social system | guilds
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| children given food and housing | apprentince
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| after apprentice, journey try to become a master yourself | journeyman
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| pay tax to the king to increase power | charter
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| early Western European cities | Negative:
-crowding, dirty
- no sanitation
-disease
-increase crime
Positive:
-center of learning and culture
-public entertainment
-cultural diffusion
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| Jews became the of banking? | domains; because christian law forbade christians from osary and bc Jews were bard from land
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| influenced by Romans; solid, fortress-like churches w/thick walls and towers, small windows, arches | romanesque
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| extreme height, new technology, and focus on light | gothic
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| gothic churches reflects preoccupation w/ | god, faith, religion
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| What were the three innovations that allowed for the soaring heights of Gothic cathedrals? | ribbed vaults
pointed arches
flying buttresses
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| ribbed vaults pointed arches flying buttresses | supports that allowed height of cathedral w/o thickness of the walls
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| communities will become extremely competitive in their attempts to? | build the tallest cathedral
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| They will try to outdo each other to show their ? | devotion to God
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| stained glass were used to? | educate illiterate people w/ bible stories
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| How can you tell who each saint is? | their attributions
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| they used to sculpture to | teach lessons
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| water spouts; protect the architecture | gargoyles
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| statues for decorative purpose | grotesque
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| acted as "spiritual scarecrows" to warn evil away from the church building, | gargoyles and grotesques
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| might have also been placed to ? | entice the Heathen population
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| difference between early middle ages and high middle ages | ema: feudalism
politcal system
manor system -> economic recovery -> money recovery
hma: monarchs; kings (top of feudal hierarchy, strong military)
- tax on region
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| - moves papal system from Rome to Avignon when Pope -has 3 popes; fight over which is the REAL pope -church looks foolish and is weakened | The Great Schism
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| - between England and France -lasts 100 yrs; France suffers loss until Joan of Arc shifts - France wins; killed and looked up to as a martyr by French - both France and England develop strong monarchies after war | the 100 yrs war
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| (1455-1487) - Two families fight over English crown - Lancaster is red; Yorks is white - Red v White - Henry the 7th marries Elizabeth of Yorke and marriages starts the Tudor Dynasty - Ends the war of the roses | The War of Roses
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| - 1 in 3 Europeans will die - Arrived through via trade routes; still exists in Asia - thought it was punishment for sins and went to church for help - church had no control and did not solve anything | - population decrease
tech innovation, manors fall apart, people move into cities after plague is done
- burned Jews at stake
The Black Plague
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| association of people with same craft; prevents claims of master craftsmen social services lodging education assurance | guilds
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| -strong monarchies, cities (city system), new economy | survival
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| England v France, fight for territory, joan of arc shows up, wins battle for France, keeps them separate of power, increases power of monarchies | the Black Death
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