AP European Chapter 29 Vocabulary
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| Anschluss | The annexation of Austria by Germany in 1938.
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| Anti-Comintern Pact | Between Hitler and Japan; offered security against Russia.
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| Atlantic Charter | August 1941; called for peace without territorial expansion or secret agreements, and for free elections, and self - determination for all liberated nations.
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| Casablanca Conference | August 1941; called for peace without territorial expansion or secret agreements, and for free elections, and self - determination for all liberated nations.
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| Neville Chamberlain | (1937-1940; gullible British Prime Minister; at the Munich Conference he declared he had secured "peace for our time" He declared that Britain and France would fight if Hitler attacked Poland. Forced to resign in 1940 after the German invasion of France.
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| Winston Churchill | 1874-1965;greatest wartime leader;rallied the British with speeches, infectious poise, and bulldog willpower;known for his "iron curtain" speech 1946;led British during World War II;agreed Hitler should be stopped;was thrown out of election of 1945
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| D-Day | June 6, 1944; Americans and British forces under General Dwight Eisenhower landed on the beaches of Normandy; this was history’s greatest naval invasion.
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| Battle of Stalingrad | Turning point for Germany in the war. From July 1942 to January 1943 after initial success the Russians recaptured the city.
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| Edouard Daladier | French leader of the radical socialists; accepted Hitler’s terms for peace and reluctant to declare war in 1939.
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| Francisco Franco | Spanish nationalist General; organized the revolt in Morocco, which led to the Spanish Civil War. Leader of the Nationalists - right wing, supported by Hitler and Mussolini, won the Civil War after three years of fighting.
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| Lebensaum | Room to move. Phrase used by Hitler to justify invasion of other countries. First espoused in Mein Kampf.
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| Lend-Lease Program | In 1941, the US lent money and resources to the European states to help reconstruction.
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| Maginot Line | Line of defense built by France to protect against German invasion. Stretched from Belgium to Switzerland.
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| Munich Conference | 1938; Chamberlain, France and other countries (not the USSR); they agreed that Sudentenland should be ceded to Germany; Chamberlain secured peace with Germany.
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| Pacificism | Anabaptists laid great stress on this; they would not run for office or serve in the armed forces; not being involved in many wars.
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| Potsdam Conference | Brought forward many differences over east Europe; postwar conference July of 1945; Stalin would not allow any type of freely elected government in east European countries; Roosevelt died and was succeeded by Harry Truman, who demanded free elections
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| Rome-Berlin Axis | 1936; close cooperation between Italy and Germany, and soon Japan joined; resulted from Hitler; who had supported Ethiopia and Italy, he overcame Mussolini’s lingering doubts about the Nazis.
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| Erwin Rommel | "Desert Fox"-May 1942;German and Italian armies were led by him and attacked British owned Egypt and Suez Canal for second time; was defeated at Battle of El Alamein; moved to France to oversee the defenses before D-Day; tried to assassinate Hitler
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| Russo-German Nonaggression Pact | Hitler and Stalin promised to remain neutral if either country were to become involved in war; August 1939. Was supposed to last 10 years, but Hitler invaded Russia in 1941.
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| Joseph Stalin | Communist statesman; leader of Bolshevik Party; became ruler of USSR after Lenin; assumed full military and political leadership.
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| Sudetenland | Hitler wanted German speaking people in West Czech; this would be given to Germany.
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| Teheran Conference | Meeting in 1943; Stalin, Roosevelt, Churchill; confirmed their defense to crush Hitler.
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| Yalta Conference | Black Sea Big Three met February 1945 southern Russia; agreed that Germany be split zones of occupation, pay war debt to Soviet Union in form of farming and trade;Big Three met 1945,Yalta agreed east Euro. governments be freely elected but pro-soviet
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| Konrad Adenauer | Chancellor of Germany in 1949; the former mayor of Cologne and a long-time anti-Nazi, who began his long highly successful democratic rule; West Germany had a majority of Christian Democrats; helped regain respect for Germany
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