A&P 19.8 Cardiac Cycle
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| What is the Cardiac cycle? | All events in heart from the start of one heart beat to the start of the next
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| What does the Cardiac Cycle include? | Systole (contraction) and Diastole (relaxation)
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| When does pressure increase? | During contractions, and decreases during relaxation
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| In what direction does blood move down? | its pressure gradient (high to low)
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| What do valves do? | Ensure that blood flow is forward (closure prevents backflow)
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| What RAISES ventricular pressure? | Ventricular contraction
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| What happens to the valves during ventricular contraction? | AV valves pushed closed; Semilunar valves pushed open and blood ejected to artery
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| What LOWERS ventricular pressure? | Ventricular relaxation
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| What happens to the valves during ventricular relaxation? | Semilunar valves are closed (b/c no pressure from below keeping them open) and AV valves are open (b/c no pressure pushing them closed)
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| What are the events of atrial contraction and ventricular filling? | SA node starts atrial excitation/contraction pushing blood into ventricles to be filled to end-diastolic volume (EDV). Atria relax for remainder of cardiac cycle
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| What happens in Isovolumetric contraction? | Purkinje fibers initiate ventricular excitation/contractions so pressure rises and AV valves are pushed closed. Ventricular pressure is still less than atrial trunk pressure, so semilunar valves are still closed.
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| Why does the ventricles continue to contract during ventricular ejection? | So that ventricular pressure rises above arterial pressure
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| When are the semilunar valves forced open? | As blood moves from ventricles to aterial trunks
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| What is stroke volume (SV)? | Amount of blood ejected by ventricule
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| What is "incorrect" def of End systolic Volume (ESV)? | Amount of blood remaining in ventricle after contraction finishes.
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| What is the equation for ESV? | EDV - SV ;
Ex: 60 mL = 130 mL - 70 mL
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| What is the definition of isovolumetric? | The time when all valves are closed , blood neither enters nor leaves
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| What are the AV valves doing during isovolumetric relaxation? | AV valves remain closed
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| What does the atrial blood pressure do during atrial relaxation and ventricular filling? | forces AV valves open and blood flows into ventricles
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| What do the semilunar valves do during atrial relaxation and ventricular filling? | Remain closed since arterial pressure is greater than ventricular pressure
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