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Chapter 14

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition
Holy Land   the region where the site of the Holy Temple of the Jews was located where Jesus had lived and taught  
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Pope Urban II   Leader of the Roman Catholic Church who asked European Christians to take up arms against the Muslims, starting the Crusades  
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Crusades   a series of religious wars launched by the European Christians in the Middle Ages  
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Saladin   Muslim sultan who overthrew the Seljuk Turks and drove the Christians out of Jerusalem, leading to the Third Crusade  
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Richard the Lion-Hearted   King of England who led forces against the army of Saladin during the third Crusade  
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Hanseatic League   a group of cities and towns in northern Germany that worked together to promote and protect trade  
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credit   the promise of later payment for goods bought  
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guilds   trade organizations in which all members set standards and prices for their products  
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apprentice   someone who spent several years with a skilled crafter to learn basic skills of the craft  
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journeyman   a person who has learned the basics of a career as an apprentice but is still learning from masters and has not yet opened his own shop  
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Gothic   building style that used advances in engineering to make churches taller and brighter than earlier churches  
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flying buttresses   supports that helped hold up church walls from the outside, allowing for much higher ceilings and an interior that had no columns  
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illumination   the process of decorating a written manuscript with pictures or designs  
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Hildegard of Bingen   a famous medieval nun who was both a poet and a composer  
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troubadors   wandering singers who performed epics and romances  
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Geoffrey Chaucer   English author of the Canterbury Tales  
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Dante Alighieri   Italian author of the Divine Comedy  
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Thoman Aquinas   influential scholar who argued that classical ideas could be used to improve people's understanding of Christian teachings  
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Scholasticism   a combination of Christian faith and rational thought set forth by Aquinas  
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heresy   beliefs that oppose the church's official teachings  
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Inquisitions   legal procedures supervised by special judges who tried suspected heretics  
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friars   members of religious orders who took vows of poverty and obedience and lived among the people to whom they preached  
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Hundred Years' War   a war between Britain and France that began as a dispute over the throne of France  
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Joan of Arc   peasant girl who led the French into battle during the Hundred Years' War and won several victories before she was captured, tried, and executed by the British  
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Wars of the Roses   conflict between the York and Lancaster families for the English throne  
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Henry VII   nobleman whose rise to king ended the Wars of the Roses and stared a new era in English history  
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Black Death   a devastating plague that swept across Europe between 1347 and 1351  
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Created by: tinsleylett
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