AP European Chapter 13 Vocabulary
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| Alexander VI | (1492-1503) Corrupt Spanish pope. He was aided militarily and politically by his son Cesare Borgia, who was the hero of The Prince.
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| Dante Alighieri | Medieval Italian poet wrote Inferno and Divine Comedy. Dealt the influence of the afterlife.
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| Boccaccio | Wrote the Decameron which tells about ambitious merchants, portrays a sensual, and worldly society
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| Botticelli | One of the leading painters of the Florentine renaissance, developed a highly personal style. The Birth of Venus
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| Brunelleschi | Italian architect, celebrated for work during Florentine Renaissance. He was anti-Gothic. Foundling Hospital in Florence.
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| Michelangelo Buonarroti | Worked in Rome. Painted the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius II. Sculpted the statue of David.
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| Castiglione | Wrote The Courtier which was about education and manners and had a great influence. It said that an upper class, educated man should know many academic subjects and should be trained in music, dance, and art.
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| Leonardo Da Vinci | Artist who made sculptures and religious paintings like the Last Supper.
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| Lorenzo de Medici | r(1469-1492) The Medici’s were a great banking family in Florence in the 15th century. Ruled government of Florence from behind the scene.
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| Miguel De Cervantes | Spanish writer. Wrote Don Quixote
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| Pico Della Mirandola | Wrote On the Dignity of Man which stated that man was made in the image of God before the fall and as Christ after the Resurrection. Man is placed in-between beasts and the angels. He also believed that there is no limits to what man can accomplish.
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| Donatello | Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.
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| Erasmus | Dutch Humanist and friend of Sir Thomas More. Perhaps the most intellectual man in Europe and widely respected. Believed the problems in the Catholic Church could be fixed; did not suport the idea of a Reformation. Wrote Praise of Folly.
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| Jacob Fugger | Headed leading banking, and trading house in l6th century Europe.
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| Giotto | Florentine Painter who led the way in the use of realism
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| Hans Holbein the Younger | German Painter noted for his portraits and religious paintings.
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| Humanism | Studied the Latin classics to learn what they reveal about human nature. Emphasized human beings, their achievements, interests, and capabilities.
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| Individualism | Individualism stressed personality, uniqueness, genius, and the fullest development of capabilities and talents.
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| Julius II | r(1503-1513) Pope - very militaristic. Tore down the old Saint Peter’s Basilica and began work on the present structure in 1506. Sponsored Michaelangelo to paint the Sistine Chapel.
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| Niccolo Machiavelli | Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means."
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| Montaigne | The finest representative of early modern skepticism. Created a new genre, the essay
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| Sir Thomas More | Englishman, lawyer, politician, Chancellor for Henry VIII. Wrote Utopia which presented a revolutionary view of society, in which the problems of society were caused by greed. Executed by Henry VIII for not compromising his religious beliefs in 1535.
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| New Monarchs | Monarchies that took measures to limit the power of the Roman Catholic Church within their countries. The people loved the idea of being the monarch and removed all competition. They were very Machiavellian. Included Henry VII and Henry VIII of England
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| Pazzi Conspiracy | Conspiracy to overthrow the Medici’s. Failed, and Medici retribution was swift and very violent.
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| Petrarch | Father of the Renaissance. He believed the first two centuries of the Roman Empire to represent the peak in the development of human civilization.
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| Quattrocento | The 1400’s
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| Cinquecento | The 1500’s
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| Rabelais | French satirical author.Gargantua and Pantagruel
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| Renaissance Man | A man that is multitalented and is well educated. The example being Michaelangelo
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| Revival of antiquity | The awakening from the dark ages and the focusing on the Roman’s.
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| Friar Girolamo Savonarola | 1452-1498) Dominican friar who attacked paganism and moral vice of Medici and Alexander VI. Burned at the stake in Florence.
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| Secularism | The belief in material things instead of religious things. This was a shift away from Medieval thinking
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| Lorenzo Valla | On Pleasure, and On the False Donation of Constantine, which challenged the authority of the papacy. Father of modern historical criticism.
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| Vernacular | Everyday language of a specific nation
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| Virtu | The striving for excellence and being a virtuous person. Humanistic aspect of Renaissance
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