Chapter 4
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| subcontinent | a large landmass that is a part of a continent
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| monsoons | seasonal winds that bring heavy rains and warm air or cool, dry air
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| citadel | a fortress
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| Vedas | sacred writings about Aryan history and society
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| rajas | regional leaders in Vedic society who protected a group of villages
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| varnas | social classes that divided Vedic society into four groups
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| castes | divisions of varnas that determined what jobs one could hold and whom a person could marry
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| Hinduism | one of the world's oldest religions, practiced by most people in India today
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| reincarnation | Hindu belief that the atman (soul) will be released from the body after death and later reborn in another; also called samsara
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| karma | the sum effect of a person's deeds and actions during life
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| moksha | escape from the cycle of rebirth, considered by Hindus to be the ultimate goal of human existence
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| dharma | set of spiritual duties and obligations for Hindus
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| yoga | a series of physical and mental exercises that aid meditation
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| Jainism | religion founded by Hindus who broke away because they believed moksha could be achieved through giving up worldly goods and controlling one's actions
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| ahimsa | in Jainism, nonviolence and respect for all living things
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| Buddhism | the religion founded by the Siddhartha Gautama, which teaches the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path
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| Buddha | founder of Buddhism; translated as Enlightened One
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| Four Noble Truths | in Buddhism, the guidelines that are the essence of the Buddha's teaching; that life is suffering, that the annihilation of desires can relieve suffering, and that the way to relieve suffering is to follow the Eightfold Path
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| Eightfold Path | the Middle Way and part of the Four Noble Truths that the Buddha taught as the means to nirvana or enlightenment
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| nirvana | a state of peaceful existence, free from suffering
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| Middle Way | a life lived in moderation, avoiding extremes of comfort and discomfort in the search for enlightenment
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| loess | a fine dusty soil carried into China by desert winds
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| court | a gathering of nobles around a monarch
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| oracle bones | inscribed bits of animals bones or turtle shell that were used to seek advice from dead ancestors
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| Mandate of Heaven | principle stating that the gods would support a just ruler, but they would not allow anyone corrupt to take power
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| dynastic cycle | the rise and fall of the Chinese dynasties
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| Confucianism | a belief system based on the teachings of the Chinese philosopher Confucius that stressed treating one another humanely and honoring one's family
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| Daoism | a system of ideas and beliefs based on the teachings of Chinese thinker Laozi, who believed that people should live a simple, honest life and not interfere in the course of natural events
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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