Vocabulary Cards
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| Agriculture | The process of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock
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| Artisan | A skilled crafts worker who makes things by hand. (EX: pottery, jewelry, art)
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| Astronomer | A person who studies the heavenly bodies, stars, and planets.
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| Bronze Age | A period of time when people made and used bronze.
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| Caravan | A group of merchants traveling with camels and selling their goods in an open market.
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| City-State | A city that governs itself and its surrounding territories.
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| Code | A set of laws to be followed by citizens of a country.
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| Communicate | A way to share ideas or information. (language, writing)
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| Cuneiform | A wedge-shaped writing system invented by the Sumerians where you carve shapes into clay tablets. The shapes are symbols for words.
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| Cyrus | King of Persia
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| Domesticate | To train an animal for human use.
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| Epic | A very long poem about a hero and his great deeds.
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| Euphrates River | A major water source of the Mesopotamians. Provided irrigation, water, food, transportation routes, trade routes, etc.
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| Gilgamesh | The hero of the epic poem Gilgamesh. Defeated the monster Humbaba.
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| Hammurabi | King of Babylon
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| Hammurabi's Code | Strict, severe law code created by Hammurabi; carved into huge steles in society; eye for an eye- tooth for a tooth.
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| Irrigation | Using a process to water crops on a consistent basis
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| Labor | Work; usually manual labor; working by hand
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| Mesopotamia | The land between two rivers; developed between Tigris and Euphrates rivers; cradle of civilization
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| Military | Soldiers or armed forces who protect their nation.
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| Monarchy | A form of government run by a King and Queen.
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| Nebuchadnezzar | King of Babylon; conquered by Cyrus; built the Hanging Gardens for his wife
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| Province | Divisions of an Empire; usually political
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| Region | Divisions of a country not always with fixed boundaries
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| Scribes | Writers of Mesopotamia; usually men
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| Silt | Fertile soil used to grow crops
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| Social Class | An organization of society based on types of work and how much money you make doing your work.
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| Specialized Labor | Training for a particular job
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| Technology | sticks, stones, animal bones, metals used by early people to make tools and weapons.
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| Tigris River | Major river that Mesopotamia developed around. Provided irrigation, food, water, transportation, trade routes, etc.
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| Tribute | A forced payment given to a King of a country by the people he conquers.
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| Ziggurat | A place of worship for Ancient Mesopotamians with a temple at the top.
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| Assyrians | Savage military force who conquered many societies; also known as the Assassians; demanded tribute
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