Notes, facts, questions from outline- Summer 2009
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| gluteal=_______ | ______=clunis=buttock
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| thigh | area between hip and leg
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| knee=______ | _____=genu
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| popliteal fossa | area behind knee
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| leg=______ | ________=crus
-between ankle and knee.
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| hallux=_____ | ______=big toe
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| digitus minimus=_______ | little toe
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| What vertebra are included in the Lumbosacral Plexus? | L1-S4; (ventral rami)
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| OBTURATOR NERVE: vertebrae? to what group? | L2,3,4 to adductor group
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| FEMORAL NERVE vertebrae? to what group of mm.? | L2,3,4 to ant. thigh mm.
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| SCIATIC NERVE vertebrae? | L4,5,S1,2,3
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| Name the 2 components of the Sciatic Nerve. | -Tibial Nerve.
-Common Peroneal Nerve.
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| Tibial Nerve goes to what? | to hamstrings, posterior leg, and sole of foot.
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| Common Peroneal nerve goes to what? | to the short head of the biceps femoris, anterolateral muscles of leg, and dorsum of foot.
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| What is the biggest nerve in the body? | Sciatic nerve
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| SUPERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE vertebrae? | L4,5, S1
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| INFERIOR GLUTEAL NERVE vertebrae? | L5, S1,2
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| Superior AND Inferior Gluteal nerves go to what? They come from where/what? | to posterior hip muscles.
from the sacral plexus.
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| Os coxa | hip bone
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| Name the largest sesamoid bone in the body. | patella
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| what bone develops in the quadriceps tendon? | patella
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| Name the facets on the patella. Are they all consistent? | Superior, Medial, Lateral, and Odd facets. (Odd and superior are inconsistent)
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| _______ _________ is the part of the tendon from the patella to the tibial tuberosity. | patellar ligament
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| Define sesamoid bone. | a bone embedded in a tendon.
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| How do you determine if a patella is left or right? | Place on flat surface with apex pointed away from you. It will tilt to the side of the usage b/c of the greatest bone mass on the lateral side. (Tilt left= Left patella)
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| Name the area of the dermatome: L1 | uppermost thigh, groin
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| Name the area of the dermatome: L2 | midthigh (upper lat. thigh)
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| Name the area of the dermatome: L3 | thigh to medial knee
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| Name the area of the dermatome: L4 | medial leg
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| Name the area of the dermatome: L5 | lateral leg, dorsum of foot. Big Toe
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| Name the area of the dermatome: S1 | Lateral Foot, posterior leg, little toe
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| Name the area of the dermatome: S2 | posterior thigh
(post. leg-> post thigh)
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| Name the area of the dermatome: S3-C3 | buttocks to anus (concentric circle)
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L1,2 | hip flexion
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L3,4 | quads (knee extension)
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L3,4 | adduction
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L4,5 | dorsi flexion
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L4,5 | inversion
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L5 | abduction
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L5, S1 | hamstrings (knee flexion)
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: L5, S1 | eversion
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: S1,2 | gluts (hip extension)
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| Name the function/movement for each MYOTOME: S1,2 | plantar flexion
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| The superficial fascia of the gluteal region is thick with much ___________ _____________. | adipose tissue.
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| What is the gluteal fold? | skin crease over hip joint.
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| True or False: The gluteal fold is over the inferior edge of gluteus maximus. | False!
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| The deep fascia of the gluteal region is connected to what two things? | iliac crest and sacrum
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| The deep fascia of the gluteal region splits to enclose what muscle? | gluteus maximus
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| The deep fascia of the gluteal region covers gluteus medius _______. | laterally.
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| The deep fascia of the gluteal region is continuous with ___(1)___ _________ of the thigh and ___(2)___ _______. | 1-fascia lata.
2-iliotibial band
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| the SACROSPINOUS LIGAMENT runs from _(1)_____ _______ of the ____(2)_____ to the __(3)_____ ______ | 1-anterior surface.
2-sacrum.
3-ischial spine.
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| the SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENT runs from the __(1)__ surface of the __(2)___ to the __(3)__ _______. (superficial to the ____(4)_____ _______) | 1-lateral.
2-sacrum.
3-ischial tuberosity.
4-sacrospinous ligament.
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| the Sacrospinous Ligament closes off the _____ ___(1)____ ________ to form the ____ __(2)___ _____. | 1-Greater Sciatic Notch.
2-Greater Sciatic Foramen.
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| the Sacrotuberous Ligament ( w/ the help of the ___(1)__ ligament) closes off the ____ __(2)__ ____ to form the ____ ___(3)__ ____. | 1-sacrospinous ligament.
2-Lesser Sciatic Notch.
3-Lesser Sciatic Foramen.
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| Posterior, Anterior, and Inferior Gluteal Lines are what? | lines on the ilium that demarcate the attachments of the gluteal muscles.
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| Inferior Gluteal Line runs where? | from between ASIS and AIIS to greater sciatic notch.
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| Anterior Gluteal Line runs where? | from iliac crest, just post. to ASIS to greater sciatic notch.
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| Posterior Gluteal Line runs where? | from iliac crest, near PSIS, to greater sciatic notch near PIIS.
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| What muscle is a VERY powerful extensor of the thigh? | Gluteus Maximus.
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| The large bursa b/t the tendon of the gluteus maximus and the greater trochanter is called what? | trochanteric bursa (define)
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| What are two major hip abductors that are very important in gait? | Glut. Min and Glut Med.
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| __(1)__ and __(2)___ muscles act in walking to keep the pelvis __(3)___ when the opposite side is unsupported. | 1-Medius
2-Minimus
3-level
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| What is a positive Trendelenberg sign? | When standing on one leg the pelvis on the opposite side drops (cannot be held level).
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| What does a positive Trendelenberg sign indicate? | gluteus medius weakness in stance limb.
(the side that is weak is named (+))
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| Define Trendelenberg gait. | pelvis drops on side of swing phase limb during gait. Indicative of gluteus medius weakness in stance limb.
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| What muscle extends the knee because it pulls on the IT band? | Tensor Fascia Lata
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| What muscle is quadrangular shaped and attaches to the femur? | Quadratus Femoris
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| What artery is from the internal iliac artery, exits greater sciatic foramen above piriformis? | Superior Gluteal Artery
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| What artery is from internal iliac artery and exits greater sciatic foramen below piriformis? | Inferior Gluteal Artery
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| What artery supplies gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus? | superior gluteal artery
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| which artery gives rise to the artery that accompanies the sciatic nerve? | inferior gluteal artery
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| What nerve is below piriformis, medial to the sciatic n., runs deep to deep fascia, and supplies cutaneous innervation to post. thigh.? | Post. Femoral Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
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| Name the levels of the Post. Fem. Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh. | S1,2,3
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| What nerve exits under the inguinal ligament? (ventral rami L2,3) | Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
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| 80-90% of what nerve is connective tissue? | sciatic nerve
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| What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve? | tibial and common peroneal.
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| Where does the sciatic nerve usually found in relation to the piriformis? Name the levels for the Sciatic n. | usually below the piriformis.
L4,5,S1.
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| What nerve exits greater sciatic foramen, innervates the glut. max, and appears below piriformis? Name the levels. | Inferior Gluteal Nerve.
L5, S1,2
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| In what quadrant of the gluteal region are injections given? Why? | Upper outer quadrant. To avoid hitting nerves.
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