CHAPTER 1
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| show | In the media stinum
( space between the sternum/ anterior and vertebrae/posterior
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| show | Endocardium ( innermost)
Myocardium ( middle)
Epicardium (outer layer)
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| The sac surrounding the heart is called | show 🗑
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| The heart has 2 upper chambers | show 🗑
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| The heart has 2 lower chambers | show 🗑
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| show | Right atrium to right ventricle = to tricuspid valve
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| The 4 valves in the heart act as doors Left side | show 🗑
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| show | Is on the left side
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| 1/3 of the heart | show 🗑
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| show | Eletrocardiogram
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| show | Electrocardiograph
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| show | Means the same thing
It is a recording of electrical conduction system of the heart
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| The apex is | show 🗑
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| The left and right side of the heart are separated by | show 🗑
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| show | From the body through the superior and inferior vena cava
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| show | Threw the pulmonary artery
Taking blood away from the heart to the body
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| show | Lung through the pulmonary veins
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| The left ventricle is pumping oxygenated blood | show 🗑
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| show | Is thicker on the left side because it pumps blood through the whole body
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| show | Important chamber because it pumps blood through whole body
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| The 4 valves in the heart | show 🗑
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| show | Lies between the rt atrium and rt ventricle
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| 2 bicuspid/ mitral valve | show 🗑
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| show | Lies between the rt ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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| 4 aortic semi lunar valve ASLV | show 🗑
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| show | Are attached to valves which keeps them in place and helps in there function
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| Prolapse | show 🗑
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| The the has heart 4 | show 🗑
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| The heart has | show 🗑
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| show | The spectum
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| This valve separates the RA and the RV | show 🗑
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| This valve separates the LA and the LV | show 🗑
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| show | PSLV
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| show | ASLV
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| Two types of myocardial cells are | show 🗑
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| When the myocardial cells are in a "state of rest" we call it | show 🗑
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| show | Depolarization
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| When the ions of the myocardial cells ARE RETURNING BACK TO THE RESTING STATE we call this | show 🗑
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| When the heart is CONTRACTING, it is in which phase ? | show 🗑
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| show | Diastole 80
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| The unique property that allows a myocardial cell to INITIATE AND MAINTAIN RHYTHIC heart activity is called | show 🗑
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| show | Conductivity
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| The unique property that allows a myocardial cell to RESPOND TO AN IMPULSE is called | show 🗑
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| The unique property that allows a myocardial cell to RESPOND to an IMPULSE with a PUMPING ACTION is called | show 🗑
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| 1st pacemaker the hearts natural..... | show 🗑
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| show | AV ( atrial ventricular)
40-60 bpm
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| show | Furkinje fibers
20-40 bpm
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| show | Upper side of the RT ATRIUM
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| The gatekeeper of the heart is | show 🗑
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| The impulse is then sent here ('after gatekeeper) | show 🗑
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| Then the bundle of his goes here | show 🗑
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| The bundle branches then go here | show 🗑
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| show | Contractions
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| Oxygen poor blood is called | show 🗑
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| show | RT ATRIUM
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| show | Tricuspid valve
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| show | 1. SA NODE~ 2 ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION ~3 AV NODE ~ 4 BUNDLE OF HIS ~ 5 RT & LT BUNDLE OF BRANCHES ~ 6 PURKINJE FIBERS ~7 VENTRICLE DEPOLARIZATION ~ 8 VENTRICLE REPOLARIZATION
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| show | and NEGATIVE ELECTOLYTES WITHIN THE CELL MEMBRANE
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| during DEPOLARIZATION (CONTRACTION) the GATES open and the THE POSITIVE ELETROLYTES PASS THROUGH AND | show 🗑
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| show | RETURNING THE POSITIVE ELECTROLYTES TO OUTSIDE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE AND THE NEGATIVE BACK TO THE INSIDE OF THE CELL MEMBRANE
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| show | refers to a positive (upright deflection) or negative (downward deflection) from the isoelectric line.
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| show | is the straight
line seen on the ECG strip.
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| show | on the ECG graphing paper correlate with the heart’s electrical activity
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| Baseline: This is a flat, horizontal line separating ECG cycles. | show 🗑
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| The waves will deflect positively or negatively from the baseline. A positive deflection is characterized by an upward deflection above the isoelectric line as the electrical signal moves toward the electrode. | show 🗑
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| show | This is the space between two waves
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| show | : This includes a combination of one or more waves and a segment. This represents the length of a wave.
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| P wave | show 🗑
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| show | Represents the conduction time of the atrioventricular node, down the bundle of His and through the bundle branches. (Begins with the end of the P wave and finishes with the start of the Q wave.) Not really significant in disease.
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| PR interval | show 🗑
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| show | Conduction of impulse from the bundle of His through the ventricles; represents ventricular depolarization. Widening may suggest a ventricular escape rhythm disorder or a bundle branch block. 0.13 seconds
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The time at which the entire ventricle is depolarized; end of the S wave to the beginning of the T wave. An elevation may indicate a myocardial infarction or pericarditis; a depression may indicate ischemia.
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| QT interval | show 🗑
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Resting phase of cardiac cycle called ventricular repolarization. This can be peaked in hyperkalemia.
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Seldom seen and not really mentioned in most texts today. Its origin is unknown. May be seen in patients with hypokalemia or in patients with bradycardia.
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| PQRSTU cycle | show 🗑
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| Right arm Wire colors | show 🗑
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| show | LA/
Black
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RL/
Green
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LL/
Red
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| show | V1-
Brown/red
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| show | V2 -
Brown/yellow
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| show | V3-
Brown/green
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| Chest wire colors | show 🗑
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| Chest wire colors | show 🗑
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| Chest wire colors | show 🗑
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| show | Each large square is outlined in darker ink for easy counting. Each small square is equal to 0.04 seconds and each large square is equal to 0.2 seconds.
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| stylus (the wire that produces the tracing) | show 🗑
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| The vertical | show 🗑
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| the horizontal lines | show 🗑
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| show | the paper speed may be increased to 50 mm/sec, which will spread the complexes farther apart. The change in paper speed is usually automatically indicated at the top or bottom of the tracing.
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| show | are attached to the patient and designed to detect electrical activity coming from the heart
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| show | however, only 10 sensors and lead wires are attached to the patient’s body
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| Each lead transmits | show 🗑
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| show | result in a positive deflection
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| waves of depolarization moving AWAY from a positive pole usually | show 🗑
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| If a particular lead produces a deflection other than what is anticipated | show 🗑
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| show | fleshy, nonbony part of the patient’s upper arms and lower legs
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| show | and upward on the legs to reduce tension or pulling on the electrodes.
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| show | and placed on the wall of the chest at the appropriate spaces.
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| Leads I, II, and III are known as the “standard limb leads” and are often referred to as bipolar leads because | show 🗑
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| Lead I records the difference in voltage | show 🗑
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| lead II records the difference in voltage | show 🗑
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| show | between the LA (– pole) and LL (+ pole)
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| show | Note: The RL wire is used as a reference point or ground wire and is not part of the recording even though an electrode is placed on the right leg.
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| show | (a point with little or no significant electronic variation) between the remaining limb electrodes
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| The aV stands for augmented voltage and is referred to as augmented because the electrical impulses from these three leads are very small | show 🗑
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| The last letter in each of the augmented leads is an abbreviation | show 🗑
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| show | and a midpoint between the LA and LL (the negative reference point).
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| Lead aVL (left arm) records the difference in voltage between the left arm (+ pole) | show 🗑
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| show | and a midpoint between RA and LA (negative reference point).
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| show | and do not require any amplification because of how close they are to the heart
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| V1: Fourth intercostal space at the | show 🗑
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| show | left margin of the sternum
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| V3: Midway between | show 🗑
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| V4: Fifth intercostal | show 🗑
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| show | at the left anterior axillary line
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| V6: Same horizontal level as V4 and V5 | show 🗑
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Created by:
Tbella
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