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U.S. History VA SOL Review (WINKS)

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
        Help!  

Question
Answer
Name 3 strikes of the labor unions during the Progressive Era.   Haymarket Square, Homestead Strike, and Pullman Strike  
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Who was the founder and long time leader of the American Federation of Labor?   Samuel Gompers  
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What were some of the problems created by the rapid growth of cities?   Housing Shortages, need for public services such as: Sewage, Water, and Transportation  
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What was Virginia's response to Brown v. Board of Education?   Massive Resistance - Closing some schools, Establishing Private Academies, and White Flight from Urban Schools.  
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When was the United Nations (UN) formed?   Near end of World War II (Officially October 24, 1945)  
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What was the turning point of World War II in Eastern Europe? Who Defeated whom?   Stalingrad - Soviet Union defeated Germany  
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Which state's economy probably benefited most from the heavy military expenditures during the Cold War?   Virginia's - Especially the Hampton Roads area (Naval and air bases) and Northern Virginia (Pentagon)  
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What were two wars during George W. Bush presidency?   War in Afghanistan - War in Iraq  
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Whose Vice President was George H.W. Bush   Ronald Reagan  
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What was the name of the event where Nazi leaders were convicted of war crimes?   Nuremburg Trials  
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What was the "Great Awakening"?   Religious movement that swept Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700's  
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What was the House of Burgesses?   First elected assembly in the New World  
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Who was president when NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was agreed upon? Who are the countries involved in NAFTA?   William (Bill) J. Clinton - United States, Mexico, and Canada  
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Which state was founded by dissenters fleeing persecution by the Puritans in Massachusetts?   Rhode Island  
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How did Robert E. Lee and Abraham Lincoln feel about secession?   Neither wanted Secession  
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What was the name given by the United States to the land and air operations during the Persian Gulf War?   Operation Desert Storm  
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What was the "Final Solution"?   Germany's decision to exterminate all Jews  
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Who presided over the Constitutional Convention?   George Washington  
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Who was the major author of the Declaration of Independence?   Thomas Jefferson  
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Whose new political ideas of natural rights influenced the Declaration of Independence?   John Locke  
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Who were the early leaders of the Democratic Republicans?   Thomas Jefferson & James Madison  
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What was the Proclamation of 1763?   Prohibited settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains because it was too costly to protect.  
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What battle was the turning point of the Civil War?   Gettysburg  
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Who wrote the Virginia Declaration of Rights?   George Mason  
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What was the "Manifest Destiny"?   Belief that is was Americas right to colonize from the Atlantic to Pacific Oceans  
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Who gave a speech saying, "Give me Liberty or give me Death"?   Patrick Henry  
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Did the Federalists favor a strong of weak national government?   Strong National Government  
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Who negotiated a Treaty of Alliance with France during the Revolutionary War?   Benjamin Franklin  
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Who was President when the Louisiana Purchase was made? What year was it purchased?   Thomas Jefferson - 1803  
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Who was the President during the Revolutionary War?   We had no President - King of England Ruled the Colonies  
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Where did Lee surrender to Grant? In what Year?   Appomattox Court House - 1865  
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Who was author of the Bill of Rights? What 2 documents influenced him?   James Madison - Virginia Declaration of Rights & Statute of Religious Freedom  
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Where did the Puritans first settle in the New World? Why did they leave England?   New England - To avoid Religious Persecution  
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Which came first -- The Constitutional Convention or the Continental Congress?   Continental Congress  
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How was the balance of power between the large and small states accomplished in the Constitution?   2 Houses - Senate (2 - Even Representation) & House of Representatives (Population Based)  
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Who were the leading opponents to the ratification of the Constitution in 1787?   Patrick Henry & George Mason  
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What are 3 ways that the Declaration of Independence principle of economic participation (pursuit of happiness) was extended in the new republic?   Regulating Free Enterprise, Promoting Economic Opportunity, and Protecting Property Rights  
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What is Suffrage? Name 2 leaders of the Women's Suffrage Movement.   Right to Vote - Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony  
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What is the Spoils System?   Using Public Office to benefit members of the victorious party  
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Who vetoed the rechartering of the Bank of the United States in 1832?   President Andrew Jackson  
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What was the compromise that admitted California as a free state?   Compromise of 1850  
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Who was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court that established judicial review? What was the court case?   John Marshall - Marbury v. Madison  
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What document said that people have a right to change a government if it violates their rights?   Declaration of Independence  
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After what battle was the Emancipation Proclamation issued?   Battle of Antietam  
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What religious groups helped settle New Jersey and Pennsylvania?   New Jersey - Presbyterians, Pennsylvania - Quakers  
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Who was the first President to be impeached? What was the issue?   Andrew Johnson - impeachment was over Civil Rights for freed slaves.  
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Who wrote Common Sense?   Thomas Paine  
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Who said "A house divided against itself cannot stand."   Abraham Lincoln  
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What was the economy of Appalachian foothills based upon?   Small Scale Subsistence farming, Hunting, and Trading  
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Whose presence at the Battle of Yorktown benefited the Patriots leading to an American Victory?   French  
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Name a document (written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton) that called for equal rights for women.   Seneca Falls Convention  
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Who personified the "Democratic Spirit" of the age by challenging the economic elites?   Andrew Jackson  
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What document made the destruction of slavery a Northern war aim?   Emancipation Proclamation  
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When did Reconstruction end?   Election of 1876  
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Who was the publisher of The Liberator?   William Lloyd Garrison  
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Which court case is known as the doctrine of implied powers?   McCulloch v. Maryland  
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What state did the United States acquire from a treaty with Spain?   Florida  
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When was the Monroe Doctrine issued? What was it intended to do?   1823 - Intended to end colonization by European Countries in the Western Hemispere  
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What were some of the reasons that people moved west in the 1800's?   Economic and Land Opportunities: Belief in Manifest Destiny  
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Who played an important role in the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965?   President Lyndon B. Johnson  
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Which Constitutional amendment ensures all citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous servitude?   15th Amendment  
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What forced President Nixon out of office?   Watergate Scandal  
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Which was the only colony that did not attend the First Continental Congress?   Georgia  
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What types of transportation supported the westward movement of settlers?   Railroads and Travel Canals  
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What act repealed the Missouri Compromise? What year was it?   Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854  
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Which of the early colonies maintained an allegiance to the Church of England, as well as closer social ties to England?   Virginia & the Southern Colonies  
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Name a black abolitionist who encourage Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans for the Union Army?   Frederick Douglass  
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How did the Korean War end? When was it?   Stalemate - Early 1950's  
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In which battle was Hitler defeated by the British preventing access to Middle Eastern oil supplies?   El Alamein  
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True or False? African Americans were generally assigned to support roles rather that combat roles in World War II   True  
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At what event did the delegates from the colonies first act together to discuss problems with Great Britain and promote independence?   First Continental Congress  
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What was a popular name for the Tariff of 1930?   Hawley-Smoot Act  
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Name some of the technological advances over the last three decades?   Space: Space Shuttle, Mars Rover, Hubble telescope: Communications: Satellites, GPS, personal communication: Robotics, Cell phones, World Wide Web, CNN 24 HR News, Cable TV, Personal Computers  
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What court case desegregated schools and overturned Plessy v. Ferguson?   Brown v. Board of Education  
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What war in the 20th Century bitterly divided the United States in its support (Especially on College Campuses)?   Vietnam War  
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Who has the power to decide if legislative acts or executive actions exceed the authority of the U.S. Constitution?   United States Supreme Court  
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Name thes Industrial Leaders! Finance - Oil - Railroads - Steel -   Finance - J.P. Morgan Oil - John D. Rockefeller Railroads - Cornelius Vanderbilt Steel - Andrew Carnegie  
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What were some of the internal problems of the Soviet Union that may have caused its collapse?   Cost to compete with the United States, rising nationalism in the Soviet Republics, fast-paced reforms, economic inefficiency, "glastnost" and "perestroika"  
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Which Constitutional amendment called for the direct election of United States Senators?   17th Amendment  
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Who was the first female astronaut in the United States?   Sally Ride  
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What was the strategy used by the Allies in Europe during World War II called?   "Defeat Hitler First"  
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When and where was President John Kennedy assassinated?   Dallas, Texas - 1963  
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What was the time period of the Cold War?   From the end of World War II to the collapse of the Soviet Union  
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What did the Dred Scott decision do?   Overturned the efforts to limit the spread of slavery outraged Northerners  
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Which court case ruled on an interstate travel (steamboats) as being under the court's jurisdiction--expanding the Court's authority?   Gibbons v. Ogden  
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Who was the opposition party to the Federalists' after the Jay Treaty and other related events?   Democratic-Republicans  
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Who was the President of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War?   Jefferson Davis  
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What were some of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?   Weak national government, No power to tax, No Common Currency, 1 Vote per State, No executive or Judicial Branch  
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What gave America a claim to the Oregon Territory?   American victory over British in the War of 1812  
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Who believed that equality for America could be achieved through vocational education?   Booker T. Washington  
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Who was the Union general who won victories over the South after several Union commanders had failed.   Ulysses S. Grant  
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Who argued that the sovereign states could nullify the Tariff of 1832?   South Carolinians  
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Who opposed succession but did not believe that the Union should be held together by force?   Robert E. Lee  
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What well-known book did Harriet Beecher Stowe write?   Uncle Tom's Cabin  
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Where did American POW suffer brutal treatment by the Japanese after their surrender in the Philippines?   Bataan Death March  
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What kind of Government did West Germany for after WWII? How about Japan?   Both Democratic  
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What president was defeated by centrist William J. Clinton after only one term in office?   Geroge H.W. Bush  
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Name some of the issues related to an immigration policy.   Strain on Government services, border issues, filling low-paying jobs in the U.S., pathway to citizenship, bilingual education, increasing cultural diversity.  
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What were some of the causes of the Depression?   Stock Market Crash of 1929, Stock prices collapsed, Federal Reserves failure to prevent collapse of banking systems, high protective Tariffs (Hawley-Smoot).  
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What played an essential role in assimilating immigrants into American society?   Public Schools  
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What were some ways that the United States government and industry worked to allocate resources during World War II   Rationing - War Bonds & Income Tax - Business changed from peacetime to wartime production  
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Who was the first woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court? Who was the second female U.S. Supreme Court justice?   Sandra Day O'Conner - Ruth Bader Ginsburg  
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What caused the Japanese to surrender during World War II?   The atomic bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki  
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What act expanded the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? What did it do?   Clayton Anti-Trust Act - Outlawed price-fixing and exempted unions from the Sherman Act  
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Who was W.E.B. Dubois?   African American who believed education was meaningless without equality. Helped form the NAACP  
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Name 2 leaders of slave revolts in Virginia.   Nat Turner & Gabriel Prosser  
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Name each of these inventors: Telephone - Light Bulb - Airplane - Assembly Line -   Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell Light Bulb - Thomas Edison Airplane - Wright Brothers Assembly Line - Henry Ford  
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What is genocide?   The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, political, religious, or cultural group  
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Who had a reform package called the Square Deal?   Theodore Roosevelt  
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After the Civil War where did many of the European immigrants first enter America?   Ellis Island in New York Harbor - With a view of the Statue of Liberty  
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During the Cuban Missile Crisis, who put missiles in Cuba? What was the year?   Soviet Union - 1962  
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Who makes monetary decisions that control the supply of money and credit impacting the nation's economic growth?   Federal Reserve  
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How did the American cowboy get his cattle to market in the late 1800's?   Long cattle drives of hundreds of miles over unfenced open land in the West  
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From what country did Panama gain independence in the late 1800's?   Columbia  
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Who fought in the "Miracle of Midway" and who was victorious?   United States won over Japan  
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What Patriot was the general of the American Army during the Revolutionary War?   George Washington  
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What were the "Jim Crow Laws"?   Laws after Reconstruction that discriminated against African Americans  
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Name 2 minority military units who served with distinction during World War II.   Tuskegee Airman & The Nisei Regiments  
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A legacy for the government to deliver public services and intervene in the economy came from what Depression act?   The New Deal - Franklin D. Roosevelt  
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What was the forced march called that relocated American Indians far away from their homes?   Trail of Tears  
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What oral communication code during World War II did the Japanese find impossible to break?   Navajo  
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Who felt that the abolition of slavery would destroy their economy?   Southerners  
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What was one way the Southern States were placated (pleased) during the Constitutional Convention?   Slaves were counted at 3/5 of Population for representation in the House of Representatives  
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What opened the door to the "Jim Crow Era"?   Compromise of 1877 which ended Reconstruction  
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What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?   Freed slaves in seceding states  
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What were some of the occupations in the early Middle Colonies?   Shipbuilding, Small scale Farming, and Trading  
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Where were the first armed conflicts of the Revolutionary War?   Lexington & Concord  
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What did the fugitive slave acts do?   Pitted Southern Slave owners against Northerners who refused to return escaped slaves.  
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What speech ends with "...government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth."?   Gettysburg Address  
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What drew an East-West line through the Louisiana Purchase pertaining to slavery?   Missouri Compromise of 1820  
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After what did California and the southwest territory become part of the United States?   Mexican War  
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Name the responses that the United States made to terrorism?   Patriot Act - Heightened security @ Home - Diplomatic and Military Initiatives  
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True of False? Early French explorers of Canada generally had cooperative relationships with the native people.   True  
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On what principles did the Puritans form their "covenant community"?   Mayflower Compact and Puritan Religious Beliefs  
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What Enlightenment thinker greatly influenced the American belief in self-government?   John Locke  
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Who was the "woman" who represented American women working in defense plants during World War II?   Rosie the Riveter  
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What were the two major countries involved in the Cold War?   United States & Soviet Union  
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Name 2 members of the NAACP Legal Defense Team during Brown v. Board of Education era.   Thurgood Marshall & Oliver Hill  
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What was "popular sovereignty"?   States could make their own choice to allow/not allow slavery  
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What 2 Acts limited immigration in the years following the Civil War?   Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 & Immigration Restriction Act of 1921  
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With what alliance was the U.S. associated after World War II? What about the Soviet Union?   U.S. - NATO/ Soviet Union - Warsaw Pact  
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Who lead an anti-lynching crusade after Reconstruction calling on the federal government to take action?   Ida B. Wells  
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Who was the first astronaut to: A) Orbit the Earth? B) Step on the Moon's Surface?   A - John Glenn B - Neil Armstrong  
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What was one of the main reasons why many Americans began moving from rural to urban areas?   Better Employment Opportunities  
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Who was President when Yugoslavia collapsed and the breakup of the Soviet Union occurred?   George H.W. Bush  
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Adolph Hitler was the dictator of what country?   Germany  
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What event began the liberation of Western Europe in World War II? When was this?   D-Day or Normandy - June 6, 1944  
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Name 3 Soviet spies convicted during the Cold War.   Alger Hiss & Julius and Ethel Rosenberg  
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What was the Homestead Act of 1862?   Act that gave free land in the West to settlers who lived on & farmed it  
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What was McCarthyism? For whom was it named?   Making fake accusations based on rumor or Guilt by association - Named after Senator Joseph McCarthy  
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After what war did the United States annex Puerto Rico and the Philippines?   Spanish American War  
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True of False? The United States joined the League of Nations.   False - U.S. Senate did not approve the Treaty of Versailles  
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What was President Eisenhower's stated policy for deterring a Soviet nuclear strike?   "Massive Retaliation"  
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What were some of the features of The New Deal?   Relief Programs (WPA) - Recovery Programs (AAA) - Reform Measures such as the FDIC & Social Security Act  
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What act outlawed literacy tests for voting resulting in increased voting among African Americans?   Voting Rights Act of 1965  
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Who led a march of Washington in 1963 and gave an "I Have a Dream" speech?   Martin Luther King Jr.  
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Name an immigrant group that helped with the building of the Transcontinental Railroad?   Chinese  
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What was the Truman Doctrine?   "Containment of Communism" - Keep it from Spreading - Guided American policy during the Cold War  
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Which Amendment gave women the right to vote?   19th Amendment  
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Who was President during World War 1?   Woodrow Wilson  
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Who favored high Tariffs during the pre-Civil War Era?   Northern States  
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Who was Abraham Lincoln's successor?   Andrew Johnson  
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Name 2 Early Federalists.   John Adams & Alexander Hamilton  
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Who believed that the Civil War was a "Second American Revolution"?   Abraham Lincoln  
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Lincoln's assassination enabled what group to influence the process of Reconstruction?   Radical Republicans  
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What was an emphasis in the "Virginia Plan"? Who wrote it?   3 Branches of Government (Legislative, Executive, and Judicial) - James Madison  
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Name the main 2 countries involved in the French and Indian War in North America.   England & France  
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What was the "Great Migration" in the early 20th Century?   African Americans traveled to Northern cities in search of jobs to escape poverty & discrimination in the South  
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What were some areas in which the Progressives made accomplishments?   Reforms in local and State governments - elections - Child Labor - Labor Unions - Anti-trust Laws - Women's Suffrage  
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What countries occupied West Germany after World War 2?   United States, Great Britain, and France  
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Who took over the rule of Cuba in the late 1950's?   Fidel Castro  
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Who were the Tories? What was another name for the Tories?   Those who remained loyal to England and believed that taxation was fair to help pay for their protection - Loyalists  
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When were the first Africans brought against their will to Jamestown?   1619  
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What was the opening confrontation of the Civil War?   Fort Sumter  
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When did World War 1 begin in Europe? How long did America remain neutral in that war?   1914 - Remained neutral for 3 years  
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Who was president on 9/11/2001?   George W. Bush  
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What did the Geneva Convention attempt to do?   Ensure Humane treatment of prisoners of war with rules to be followed by all nations  
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Who said, "Mr. Gorbachev tear down this wall"?   President Ronald Reagan  
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What was President Taft's policy urging American Banks and businesses to invest in Latin America called?   Dollar Diplomacy  
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Where is Pearl Harbor? When was it bombed?   Hawaii - December 7, 1941  
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Many Japanese were placed into these during World War 2?   Internment Camps  
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What was the starting point of World War 2?   Hitlers invasion of Poland in 1939  
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Who prepared a plan for peace that called for a League of Nations? What was his planned called?   Woodrow Wilson - Fourteen Points  
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What was Nixon's policy of withdrawing American troops and replacing them with South Vietnamese forces called?   Vietnamization  
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After World War 2 did the communist countries of China and the Soviet Union become allies or rivals?   Rivals - President Nixon exploited in 1970's  
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When the Federalist Party disappeared what 2 new parties were organized?   Whigs & Know-Nothings  
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Compare the lives of indentured servants and enslaved Africans.   Indentured Servant - Free at the end of contract Slaves - Viewed as Property, no rights, no choice  
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What were some of the "cash crops" grown in early Virginia and the Southern Colonies for export to Europe?   Tobacco, Rice, Indigo  
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Which Constitutional Amendment banned slavery?   13th Amendment  
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What were the key ideas of the Fourteen Points?   Self-Determination, Freedom of the Seas, League of Nations, and Mandate System  
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What has provided the United States with an expanded source of scientists and engineers--and diversity in music and the arts?   Immigrants  
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What Famous Trial argued for traditional religion over Darwin's theory of evolution?   Scopes Trial  
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What was the first war where American Women could serve? When was this war?   Persian Gulf War - 1990-1991  
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During the Gilded Age what were the businessmen who dominated industries and amassed huge personal fortunes called?   Robber Barons  
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Which President initiated full diplomatic relations with Vietnam--and lifter economic sanctions when Apartheid ended in South Africa?   William J. Clinton  
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What "revolution" is credited with the Republican sweep of congressional elections and statehouses in the 1900's?   "Reagan Revolution"  
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What was the plan to rebuild Europe after World War 2 called?   Marshall Plan  
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Who proposed an Open Door Policy to give all Nations equal trading rights with China?   Secretary of State John Hay  
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Under what President did the American buildup in Vietnam begin?   President John F. Kennedy  
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What were the Articles of Confederation?   First Constitution for new National Government. Adopted at the end of the Revolutionary War  
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Who were the "Cavaliers"?   English nobility who received large land grants in Virginia from the King of England  
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What was one of England's main reasons for taxing the colonies?   To pay for the French and Indian War  
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What are the first 10 Amendments to the Constitution called?   Bill of Rights  
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What war had no actual fighting but was a competition that divided the world into 2 camps?   The Cold War  
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What was the first American presidential election where power was peacefully transferred from one party to another?   Thomas Jefferson - Election of 1800  
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What was the Boston Massacre?   British soldiers fired on Anti-British Demonstrators  
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Did the Northerners or Southerners mostly mostly believe that the national government's power was supreme?   Northerners  
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The Middle Atlantic region was settled chiefly by what groups of people?   English, Dutch, and Germans  
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True of False? Thomas Paine was a German Immigrant.   False - He was an English Immigrant  
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Which came first--The Constitution of the Declaration of Independence?   Declaration of Independence  
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