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HT 12 Exam 1

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
surgery   show
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show the tissue is described and dissected, looking for abnormalities  
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show stabilization of proteins to prevent autolysis and putrefaction  
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processing   show
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embedding   show
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microtomy   show
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show a mounting medium  
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show a. Stabilization of proteins to prevent autolysis and putrefaction b. Maintain proper relationship between cells and extracellular material  
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show To embed the tissue in a solid medium firm enough to support the tissue and give it sufficient rigidity to enable thin sections to be cut, and yet soft enough no to damage the knife or tissue  
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Define and discuss dehydration   show
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show to remove the dehydrating fluid from the tissue  
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show Maintains structure of tissue for cutting  
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show Fixing the tissue specimen firmly into the embedding medium, allowing it to harden-->ready to cut  
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show a. The sectioning of tissue for examination by microscopy b. Sections routinely cut at 4-6 microns (um)  
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Discuss staining as it applies to Histotechnology   show
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show Protection and for better viewing under the microscope  
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Pathology   show
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Histology   show
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Cytology   show
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Histologist   show
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show a technical histology concerned especially with preparing and processing histological specimens  
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show a technician who specializes in histotechnology  
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show removal of living tissue for examination under the microscope  
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Autolysis   show
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show rotting degradations from micro organs  
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show an examination of a dead body to determine the cause of death  
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Miscible   show
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Microtome   show
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show Orientation of the tissue in infiltration medium and allowing it to solidify. Also known as casting or blocking. Areas of interest should be embedded down.  
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show Wall tissues must be embedded on edge (gallbladder, intestine, skin)  
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show tubular structures (with a LUMEN) are embedded in cross section (on end)  
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Describe proper specimen orientation when embedding bone.   show
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Describe double embedding   show
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show Recording number of pieces and blocks submitted, plus any special instructions (stains, embedding instructions). Only embed one cassette at a time, ensure forceps are clean between embedding different tissues.  
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Define longitudinal section   show
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show a cut that is perpendicular to the longest dimension  
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Define oblique section   show
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show a cut that only touches or grazes the surface  
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show a cut that divides into left and right  
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Define lumen   show
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show Clean the forceps between embedding of different tissues to prevent cross contamination. Areas of interest should be tampered so that the tissues lays flat down ensuring the entire specimen is cut. Cooling the blocks as rapidly as possible.  
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show Tampers are used to flatten tissue in the mold. Base molds form the shape of the block to be sectioned (reusable, disposable, and peel away). Cassettes hold and identify the specimen to be embedded.  
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show Area of interest can be marked with a notch or ink. Some facilities use "ink side up" while others use "ink side down." India ink, Davidson Marking, tissue dyes, silver nitrate, and tattoo ink.  
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show 2-4 C above melting point for the paraffin.  
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show embedded tissue passes over the knife edge cutting the section. each turn advances the number of micrometers. used in cryostats. (most common)  
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show block is held stationary and the knife travels over the specimen. block advances up to the knife at a preset distance. usually used for larger blocks in research  
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freezing microtome   show
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show sample is placed into a fixed holder, which then moves backwards and forwards across a knife cuts sections of plastic, wood, and other hard materials cuts sections at 1-60 um biconcave knives  
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show ultra thin sections of specimens are cut. uses glass/diamond knives. 0.5-2 um  
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rocking microtome   show
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show accurately cut tissue without freezing or embedding. cutting using a vibrating blade. used for difficult biological samples. 30-50 um for live tissue. 10-500 um for fixed tissue. maintains cell morphology.  
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steel knives   show
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show most common. superior edges. refined, thickened razor blades. high and low profile.  
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tungsten carbide   show
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show used for ultramicrotomy. hard but brittle.  
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show expensive but extremely durable due to hardness. used for ultramicrotomy  
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show concave on both sides. used on rocking or sledge type microtomes. rarely used in U.S.  
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planoconcave   show
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plano-wedge (wedge)   show
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chatter   show
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show all consecutive sections from a block are saved  
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show block is trimmed, sections are cut and picked up, the more of the block is trimmed away, and more sections are cut and picked up  
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show using a blade to manually trim away excess material  
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washboarding   show
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clearance angle   show
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microtome saftey   show
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show taking breaks using an automated rotary microtome  
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show cause: knife too dull or dirty remedy: sharpen/replace blade cause: too little knife tilt remedy: increase knife angle cause: block too warm remedy: chill block  
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: split ribbons   show
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: length wise scratches   show
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: gouging (overlapping)   show
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show cause: horizontal edges of block not parallel remedy: trim block until parallel, reposition specimen holder cause: blade blunt in one area remedy: move blade or replace cause: tissue varies in consistency remedy: rotate block  
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show cause: over dehydration remedy: rehydrate cause: too much knife tilt remedy: adjust knife angle cause: dull knife remedy: sharpen knife or replace blade  
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: lifting sections   show
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: udulations/washboarding   show
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: holes in sections   show
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identify problem and the appropriate corrective action: lack of ribbon forming   show
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show cause: block or blade loose remedy: tighten cause: too little knife tilt remedy: increase clearance angle cause: wax too soft remedy: cool block or change to higher melting point wax  
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show whether fast or slow a constant speed is necessary to avoid uneven sections one revolution of the hand-wheel per second smooth even revolutions  
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show breathe on the block to provide heat, moisture, reduce static. softening paraffin embedded tissue by trimming the block until the tissue is exposed and then soaking the block in H2O or glycerol. tissues containing keratin can be soften by a depilatory  
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describe routine mircrotome maintenance   show
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Optimal temperature for the flotation bath?   show
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show deoionized water prevents static and contamination  
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show Alcohol, detergent, photo-flo can be added to the flotation bath to lower the surface tension.  
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Identify the need for drying slides   show
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