Chapter 10 The Roaring 1920s
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| Mobilization | the task of directing all resources toward achieving a goal such as winning a war.
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| Demobilization | the transition process during which a nation oat war returns to a state of peace.
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| The Roaring Twenties | a period of profound economic, social, and cultural change in the United States from roughly 1920 to 1930
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| Bolsheviks | a group of Russian Communists that took power in Russia in 1917
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| The Red Scare | a time in United States history where Americans feared a Communist take over of the United States
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| Palmer Raids | the Attorney General, A. Mitchel Palmer, led a group that investigated those who were suspected Communist in the United States
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| J Edgar Hoover | the future leader of the FBI, he helped Palmer in searching out Communists
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| Sacco and Vanzetti | two Italian immigrants that were arrested in 1920 for murders committed during a payroll truck robbery. They were anarchists.
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| Anarchists | radicals who opposed organized government
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| return to normalcy | this was the philosophy of President Warren Harding immediately after World War I
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| Fordney McCumber Act | a Congressional tariff that placed duties (taxes on imports) on goods of 38.5% of their value.
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| Emergency Quota Act of 1921 | this act limited the total number of immigrants who enter the United States in any one year to 350,000
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| Womens International League for Peace and Freedom | formerly known as the Women's Peace Party that works "to bring together women of different political views and philosophical and religious backgrounds determined to study and make known the causes of war and work for a permanent peace" and to unite women worldwide who oppose oppression and exploitation
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| Washington Naval Conference | in this conference, a proposal that the United States, Great Britain, and Japan each stop building new battleships and even scrap some of those they already had.
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| disarmament | reducing the amount of weapons or arms
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| Four Power Treaty | The United States, Britain, Japan, and France agreed to respect each other's territories and rights in the Pacific region and to submit any disputes to a joint conference of all four powers.
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| Nine Power Treaty | United States, Britain, Japan and France all agreed to respect China's independence.
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| inflation | a rise in prices in the global market
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| Dawes Plan | Germany was unable to make its post WWI payments and this plan called for United States loans to Germany. They money would then be paid to the allies and then paid back from the allies to the United States.
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| Teapot Dome Scandal | this scandal appeared after President Warren Harding passed away. It demonstrated how corrupt some of the individuals were in his administration. Oil lands were being exploited by some of Harding friends. Harding was unaware that we could prove.
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| Warren Harding | He was the first Republican President of United States immediately after World War I. He called for a return to normalcy in his administration.
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| Calvin Coolidge | a Republican himself, he served immediately after Harding. His administration called "The business of America is business" and his policies reflected this.
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| Immigration Act of 1924 | this act lowered the total number of legal immigrants per year to 150,000.
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| Kellogg Briand Pact | this agreement called for a promise for all nations not to wage war as a policy.
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| Herbert Hoover | this third of Republican presidents called for an administration of "Rugged Individualism"
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| Henry Ford | this car maker introduced electric conveyor belts on his assembly lines in the construction of new cars.
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| installment buying | this creative type of financing was made available for those can not afford to pay "out right" the cost of an items. They could make "payments" instead plus interest.
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| speculation | it is the buying of an item with the hopes of selling it for a profit later on.
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| stocks | these are shares in companies that are sold to the public
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| margin | the buying of goods by paying 10% only then paying the item off later.
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| temperance movement | this movement that was entrenched in religious beliefs, called for a ban in the use of alcoholic drinks
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| 18th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution | the sale, consumption and production of alcohol was prohibited in the United States.
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| Volstead Act | defined "intoxicating liquors" to include both wine and beer in the 18th Amendment
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| Al Capone | this gangster took advantage of Prohibition by creating a criminal business selling illegal alcohol, gambling and prostitution in Chicago in the 1920s.
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| fundamentalist | these people believe strictly in the Bible and its teachings
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| American Civil Liberties Union | is a nonpartisan, non-profit organization whose stated mission is "to defend and preserve the individual rights and liberties guaranteed to every person in this country by the Constitution and laws of the United States"
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| Butler Act | this Tennessee law prohibited the teaching of evolution in schools.
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| John Scopes | he was a high school teacher who defied the Butler Act in Tennessee
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| Clarence Darrow | he represented the ACLU in the Scopes case
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| William Jennings Bryan | he assisted the prosecution against John Scopes in Scopes Trial
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| 19th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution | this amendment of the United States Constitution gave Women the right to vote
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| flappers | these fashionable women of the 1920s wore lipstick, short hair and straight simple dresses. They were trendsetters.
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| Margaret Sanger | this women reformer called for better birth control methods to help women achieve equality and independence. The Planned Parenthood organization originated from her movement.
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| Booker T Washington | this influential African American writer, speaker and innovator called for all African Americans to seek vocational skills instead of seeking social equality.
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| WEB Dubois | this influential African American writer, speaker and innovator called for all African Americans to seek social equality. A contradiction of Booker T Washington.
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| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People | this organization has the purpose to assisting African Americans in their pursuit of equality in the United States.
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| The Great Migration | the movement of African Americans from the rural south to the cities of the northern United States. They brought their culture along with them.
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| The Harlem Renaissance | this movement of African American culture of writing, music and dance spread throughout the United States.
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| Jazz | this African American music instilled an upbeat tempo that inspired dancing and was played in clubs across the United States.
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| Marcus Garvey | this African American called for a "return to Africa" for all African Americans. He established the Universal Negro Improvement Association
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| Indian Citizenship Act | this made all American Indians officially American citizens.
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| Octaviano Larrazolo | this Latino from Mexico write the book "The Adventures of Don Chipote" of which describe the conditions of migrant laborers.
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| Jim Thorpe | this famous Native American became a Olympic track and football (college and NFL) star in 1912 through 1928
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| Ku Klux Klan | this prejudice organization exploited all non white peoples. It promoted "one hundred percent Americanism"
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