Glossary terms, causes of black death, feudal system
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| Black death | -Form of bubonic plague that spread over Europe in 14th century
-Killed 1/4 of population
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| Chivalry | -Sum of ideal qualifications of a knight
- Includes courtesy, generosity, valour and dexterity in arms
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| Crusades | -Any military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th- 13th centuries for the recovery of the Holy Land (from the Muslims)
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| Divine Rights | -The doctrine that the right of rules derives directly from God, NOT the consent of the people
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| Flagellent | -Medieval European sect of fanatics who practiced scourging in public
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| Guild | - Any medieval association, merchants or artisans, organised to maintain standards standards and protect the interests of its members
-Local governing body
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| King | -Male sovereign or monarch
-Holds by life tenure, usually by hereditary rights
-Chief authority over a country and its people
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| Knight | -A mounted soldier serving under a feudal superior
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| Lord | -Person who has authority, control, or power over others
-Master, chief, or ruler
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| Loyalty | - State or quality of being loyal
-Faithfulness to commitments or obligations
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| Manorial System | -An economic and social system of medieval Europe
-All legal and economic power belonged to the lord
-He was supported economically from his land and from contributions from the peasant population
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| Manuscript | -The original text of an author's work
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| Obligation | -Something by which a person is bound or obliged to do
-Arises out of a sense of duty or results from customs/laws
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| Peasant | -Low social rank
-Small, poor farmers
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| Plague | -An infectious, epidemic disease caused by a bacterium
-Fever, chills, prostration
-Transmitted by rats (bites or fleas)
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| Reformation | -The religious movement in the 16th century
-Reform of the Roman Catholic Church, led to the establishment of the Protestant churches.
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| Renaissance | -The activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe
-14th to 17th century
-Transition from medieval to modern
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| Siege | -The act or process of surrounding and attacking a fortified place in such a way as to isolate it from help and supplies
-Lessening the resistance of defenders -> capture possible
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| Vassal | -Person granted the use of land, in return for rendering homage, fealty, and usually military services
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| Feudalism | -The dominant social system
-The nobility held lands from the Crown -> exchange military service
-Vassals -> tenants of nobles
-While peasants obliged to live on their lord's land... give him homage, labour, share of produce -> exchange protection
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| Feudal System | -Military, social, and political customs all followed the feudal system, in which land was exchanged for work
-A peasant or worker known as a vassal received a piece of land in return for serving a lord or king
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| Who was benefited from the feudal system? | -Benefitted people of higher power -> tax peasants
-Nobility -> luxury of wealth and servants
-Knights and barons -> could own several manors and live off the taxes on the peasants
-Clergy led simple lives, forsaking possessions in service of God.
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| What was the job of a bailiff? | -Collects and organises taxes
-Looks after manor repair
-Helped the steward
-Owned small tracts of land -> peasant farmer
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| What rights did a woman have? | -Few rights
-Could not be educated, have jobs, own manors
-Must do housework and have children
-Arrange marriage at young age
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| How much of the population were peasants? | - 80% of population were peasants
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| What was the job of a thatcher? | -Made roofs from bunches of reeds
-Collected from swamps and riverbanks
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| What was the job of a steward? | -Manor manager
-Looks after business matters
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| What was the job of a reeve? | -Reports to Bailiff
-Chief serge of village
-Supervise farm work
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| Clergy | - Group or body of ordained persons in a religion
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