AP Gov Court Cases
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| Lemon v. Kurtzman | Church related schools must have a secular legislative purpose, a primary effect that neither advances nor prohibits religion, and must not foster gov. Entanglement with religion
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| Engle v. Vitale | Voluntary prayer in public schools violated 1st amendments prohibition of a state establishment of religion
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| School District of Abington township of PA v. Schempp | Bible reads in schools violated 1st (establishment clause)
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| Roth v. United States | Obscenity is not a form of free speech or press
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| Texas v. Johnson | Struck down law that banned burning the flag
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| Mapp v. Ohio | Protection against unreasonable searches and seizures must be extended to the states
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| Miranda v. Arizona | Sets guidelines for police, for accused people. Protects them from self-incrimination and protects their right to councel
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| Gideon v. Wainwright | Anyone accused of a felony has the right to a lawyer
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| Gregg v. Georgia | Upheld constitutionality of death penalty "suitable for most extreme"
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| Roe v. Wade | State ban on abortions was unconstitutional
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| Furman v. Georgia | Unless there is a uniform policy for determining who is eligible for capital punishments, the death penalty is considered "cruel and unusual punishment"
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| Goodridge v. Department of Health | Same-sex couples had the right to marry
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| Reynolds v. United states | Unanimously ruled that a law banning polygamy was constitutional and did not infringe on 1st amendment rights
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| Grutter v. Bollinger | Use of affirmative action in school admission is constitutional as long as it treats race as one factor among many. Unconstitutional of it improves the applicants change of admission due to race
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| Plessy v. Ferguson | "Separate but equal"
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| Marbury v. Madison | Establish power of judicial review. Supreme Court power was limited but could review legislative or executive acts and find them unconstitutional
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| Lawrence v. Texas | Overturned anti-sodomy law as a violation of the right to privacy and the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. Also ruled that laws banning homosexual sodomy was unconstitutional
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| Kelo v. New london | The taking of private property to sell for private development qualified as "public use" even if the public wouldn't be using it
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| Escobedo v. Illinois | Criminal suspects have the right to counsel during police interrogation under sixth amendment
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| Olmsted v. United states | Wire tapped private phone conversations used as evidence do not violate fifth or fourth amendment and evidence cannot be excluded for moral reasons
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| Korematsu v. United states | Wartime internment of American citizens with Japanese descent was constitutional
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| Gibbons v. Ogden | States cannot pass laws that interfere with the power of congress to regulate interstate commerce. strengthened federal power
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| United States v. Miller | Second amendment does not protect the right to possess a sawed-off shot gun if it does not have a relationship with the preservation or efficiency of a well-regulated militia
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| Ex parte Milligan | Civilians cannot be tried by a presidentially created military commission when the civil courts are still in operation
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| Murray v. Curlett | Atheist mother and son have the right to challenge the reading of the Bible and the Lord's Prayer in the morning at the son's school
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| United States v. The Amistad | Kid napping and transporting of alleged slaves was illegal because Spain forbid slave trading
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| United States v. Nixon | The presidents right to safeguard information does not include military and diplomatic actions
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| Griswold v. Connecticut | States ban on using contraceptives violated marital privacy
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| Printz v. United States | Congress cannot temporarily require state CLEO to regulate handguns even with the Necessary and Proper clause and the Brady bill
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| Brown v. Board of Education | State laws establish separate black and white public schools is unconstitutional
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| Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States | Hotels did not have the right to discriminate against black guests under Title II of civil rights act
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| University of california regents v. Bakke | In a schools admission process, using racial quotas was unconstitutional but using affirmative action to increase diversity was constitutional under some circumstances
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| TLO v. New jersey | Exclusionary rule still applies to unreasonable searches and seizures performed in school
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| District of Colombia v. Heller | The second amendment protects militia interests not self defense interests therefore the District of Colombia code does not violate it
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| Chicago v. McDonald | The second amendment for the purpose of self defense is applicable to the states
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| Morse v. Frederick | 1st amendment does not prevent educators from suppressing student speech promoting illegal drug uses at or across the street from a school event
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| Ingraham v. Wright | Upheld disciplinary punishment policy of Florida public schools
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| Safford v. Redding | Stripes arch of middle school violates the fourth amendment and the school lacked reason to suspect drugs
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| Vernonia school district v. Acton | An Oregon school boards random drug search for athletes was reasonable under fourth amendment
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| West Virginia v. Barnette | Free speech clause under the first amendment protected students from having to salute to the flag and pledge allegiance
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| New York Times v. United states | In order to exercise prior restraint, there must be evidence that the publication would cause "grave and irreparable danger"
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| McCulloh v. Maryland | Congress has powers from the necessary and proper clause to,establish a national bank
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| Goss v. Lopez | A hearing must be held before suspending a student otherwise it violates the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment
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| Gratz v. Bollinger | University of michigans use of racial preferences in undergrad admission, violates title vi of civil rights act and equal protection clause of fourteenth
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| Hamdan v. Rumsfield | Military commissions set up by bush administration to try detainees at Guantanamo bay, lack power to procede
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| Hamdi v. Rumsfield | U.s. Gov has the right to detain enemies including u.s. Citizens but they have the right to due process
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| Sheff v. O'Neill | To prevent racial and ethnic isolation, magnet school and inter-district busing was implemented
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| Brown v. Sanders | Even though two out of four circumstances considered by the jury for a death penalty were invalid, the death penalty was still constitutional under eight amendment
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| The butchers' benevolent association of New Orleans v. The crescent livestock landing and slaughter house company | 13th and 14th amendment do not make the bill of rights applicable to states
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| Scott v. Sandford | Americans of African descent, free or slaved, were not American citizens and could not sue in federal court. Congress also lacked power to ban slavery in U.s. Territories
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