US History Facts
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| The First Amendment | states that “Congress shall make no law” restricting freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.
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| The Second Amendment | guarantees the right of states to organize militias, or armies, and the right of individuals to bear arms.
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| The Third Amendment | forbids the government to order private citizens to allow soldiers to live in their homes.
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| The Fourth Amendment | requires that warrants be issued if property is to be searched or seized (taken) by the government.
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| The Fifth Amendment | protects an accused person from having to testify against him or herself (self-incrimination); bans double jeopardy, and guarantees that no person will suffer the loss of life, liberty, or property without due process of law.
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| The Sixth Amendment | guarantees the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury; the right to a lawyer; the right to cross examine witnesses; and the right to force witnesses at a trial to testify.
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| The Seventh Amendment | guarantees the right to a jury trial in civil suits.
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| The Eighth Amendment | prohibits cruel and unusual punishment and excessive bail or fines.
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| The Ninth Amendment | states that the people have rights other than those specifically mentioned in the Constitution.
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| The Tenth Amendment | states that powers not given to the federal government belong to the states.
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| The Thirteenth Amendment | abolished slavery.
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| The Fourteenth Amendment | guarantees citizenship and rights to all people born or naturalized in the United States.
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| The Fifteenth Amendment | guarantees the right to vote to all citizens regardless of race.
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| The Great Compromise | Created two houses of Congress. One based on population, the other gave equal representation to each state.
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| The Magna Carta | signed in 1215 by King John, was the first document that limited power of the ruler.
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| The English Bill of Rights | protected the rights of English citizens and became the basis for the American Bill of Rights.
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| signed on July 4, 1776 | The Declaration of Independence
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| written in 1787 | The Constitution of the United States
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| Louisiana Territory | President Thomas Jefferson purchased it from France in 1803.
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| Primary Sources | the original records of an event. They include eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches, and letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts.
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| Secondary Sources | the later writings and interpretations of historians and writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary sources.
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| Civil Disobedience | the refusal to obey a government law or laws as a means of passive resistance because of one’s moral conviction or belief.
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| Mercantilism | an economic theory that a country’s strength is measured by the amount of gold it has, that a country should sell more than it buys and that the colonies exist for the benefit of the Mother Country.
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| Representative Government | a system of government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.
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| Declaration of Independence | a document written by Thomas Jefferson, declaring the colonies independence from England.
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| Republic | is a nation in which voters choose representatives to govern them.
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| Three Branches of Government | the Legislative Branch, the Judicial Branch, and the Executive branch.
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| Checks and Balances | system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.
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| Federalism | the sharing of power between the states and the national government
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| Amend | to change.
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| A Democracy | a form of government that is run for and by the people, giving people the supreme power.
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| Ratify | to approve by vote.
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| Judicial Review | the right of the Supreme Court to judge laws passed by Congress and determine whether they are constitutional or not.
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| The Articles of Confederation | The first American constitution. It was a very weak document that limited the power of the Congress by giving states the final authority over all decisions.
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| The Constitution of the United States | sets out the laws and principles of the government of the United States.
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| The Bill of Rights | first ten amendments to the Constitution and detail the protection of individual liberties.
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| James Madison | the “Father of the Constitution”.
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| Bicameral | two houses, or chambers, especially in a legislature.
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| Suffrage | the right to vote.
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| Unalienable rights | rights that cannot be given up, taken away or transferred. Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness are some of those rights.
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