Age of Jackson
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| nullification | Refuse to do or act on/ a state gov’t can make a federal law not apply to their state
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| sectionalism | Regional division/ each has own goals and interests
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| migration | To move
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| suffrage | Right to vote
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| commerce | Trading, most often through shipping
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| secede | To leave the union
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| Democratic Party | New political party in the presidential election of 1824 after a split in the DemoReps party.
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| Whig Party | 1834/ political opponents of President Andrew Jackson organized a new party/ Henry Clay leader/ party lasted a short time
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| John Quincy Adams | 6th President/ Federalist Party candidate election 1824/ historically famous parents
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| Andrew Jackson | 7th Pres. / Demo Party candidate 1824/ president 1828/ favorite son of Tenn./ Old Hickory/ democracy for common man/ election represents shift of power from wealthy to the common people/ suffrage rights to all white males - not just property owners
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| American System | Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun main supporters/ sense of economic nationalism (pride) /spend money on roads and canals - “infrastructure”/ enforced tariffs to protect U.S. factories/ establishment of 2nd National Bank because the 1st Bank had closed.
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| Henry Clay | Warhawk/ Democratic Party candidate election 1824/ liked the “American System” / will to compromise with Calhoun with Tariff of 1833
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| Northern States | Favored foreign tariffs because they increased the demand for manufactured goods from the factories
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| Southern States | Opposed tariffs because they raised prices on their raw materials needing to be shipped out of the country
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| Nullification Crisis | Southern states refused to pay the federal taxes on imports (Tariffs of 1828 and 1832)/ states found them to be unconstitutional/ Henry Clay proposed the Compromise Tariff of 1833/ Gov’t lowers tariffs/ constitutional principle of Federalism challenged
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| Worcester vs. Georgia | 1832/ Cherokees plead case in court/ Supreme Court declares forcing Indians off land unconstitutional/ court ruled in favor of Worcester/ Jackson responded by enforcing the Indian Removal Act and sided with Georgia/ Jackson ignores Supreme Court
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| Indian Removal Act | 1830/ Cherokees given 2 years to migrate to Ok / white settlers pressured fed. gov’t to acquire Indian Terr./president has power to negotiate treaties with tribes living east of the Miss./Congress passed act to avoid conflict with settlers and tribes
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| Trail of Tears | 1836/ Cherokees forced to move to Oklahoma/ 4000 die from cold and hunger
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| Second National Bank | Jackson against financial institution bc it favored wealthy/ too much power/ controversial bc Const. does not give power to Congress to create this inst./ Demo support Jackson bc he rejected it/ vetos charter (agreement) this leads to eco. depression
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| McCulloch vs. Maryland | 1819/ Supreme Court rules the states have no right to tax the federal government
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| Gibbons vs. Ogden | 1824/ Supreme Court rules the federal government can regulate interstate commerce (trade)
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| Missouri Compromise | Slavery banned above the 36-30 line/ political balance/ Missouri enters as slave/ Maine enters as free state
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| Spoils System | handing out of gov’t jobs to supporters/replacing gov’t employees with the winning candidate’s supporters.
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