AP Literature Exam Literary Terms
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| use of a word to modify two or more words, but used for different meanings. | zeugma
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| idealized place; imaginary community in which people are able to live in happiness, prosperity, and peace | utopia
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| first-person narrator who is crazy, a liar, very young, or for some reason not entirely credible | unreliable narrator
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| a way-too-obvious truth | truism
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| grotesque parody | travesty
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| in a tragedy, this is the weakness of character in an otherwise good individual that ultimately leads to his demise | tragic flaw
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| main position of an argument; the central contention that will be supported | thesis
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| main idea of the overall work; central idea; topic of discourse or discussion | theme
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| methods, tools, the "how-she-does-it" ways of the author | technique
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| device in literature where an object represents an idea | symbolism
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| demand made of a theater audience to accept the limitations of staging and supply the details with imagination; | suspension of disbelief
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| simple retelling of what you've just read; includes all the facts | summary
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| to imply, infer, indicate | suggest
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| set up a hypothetical situation, a kind of wishful thing; grammatical situation involves the words "if" and "were." | subjunctive mood
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| treatment uses the interior or personal view of a single observer and is typically colored with that observer's emotional responses | subjectivity
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| author places the reader inside the main character's head and makes the reader privy to all the character's thoughts | stream of consciousness
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| standard or clichéd character types | stock characters
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| group of lines roughly analogous in function in verse to the paragraph's function in prose | stanza
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| a speech spoken by a character alone on stage | soliloquy
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| a comparison or analogy that softens the full-out equation of things, often but not always by using "like"or "as." | simile
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| exposes common character flaws to the cold light of humor; attempts to improve things by pointing out people's mistakes in the hope that once exposed, such behavior will become less common. | satire
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| a question that suggests an answer | rhetorical question
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| instensely passionate verse or section of verse, usually of love or praise | rhapsody
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| song of prayer for the dead | requiem
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| line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem | refrain
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| usually humorous use of a word in such a way to suggest two or more meanings | pun
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| main character of a novel or play | protagonist
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| introductory poem to a longer work of verse | prelude
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| narrator who is a character in the story and tells the tale from his/her point of view | first-person narrator
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| third-person narrator who only reports on what would be visible to a camera | objective narrator
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| third-person narrator who generally reports only what one character sees, and who only reports the thoughts of that one privileged character | limited omniscient narrator
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| third-person narrator who sees, like God, into each character's mind and understands all the action going on | omniscient narrator
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| the perspective from which the action of the novel is presented | point of view
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| poem or speech expressing sorrow | plaint
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| giving an inanimate object human qualities or form | personification
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| the narrator in a non-first-person novel; shadow-author | persona
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| not grammatically complete until it has reached its final phrase | periodic sentence
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| complete before its end | loose sentence
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| poem set in tranquil nature or even more specifically, one about shepherds | pastoral
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| work that results when a specific work is exaggerated to ridiculousness | parody
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| phrase set off by commas that interrupts the flow of a sentence with some commentary or added detail | parenthetical phrase
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| to restate phrases and sentences into your own words, showing that you comprehend what you've just read | paraphrase
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| repeated syntactical similarities used for effect | parallelism
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| situation or statemtn that seems to contradict itself, but on closer inspection, does not | paradox
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| a story that instructs, like a fable or allegory | parable
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| phrase composed of opposites; a contradiction | oxymoron
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| a pair of elements that contrast sharply | opposition
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| words that sound like what they mean | onomatopoeia
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| impersonal or outside view of events | objectivity
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| protagonist's archenemy or supreme and persistent difficulty | nemesis
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