Fixatives Chapter One
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| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water | 10% Aqueous formalin
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| Hypotonic | 10% Aqueous formalin
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| May produce formalin pigments | 10% Aqueous formalin
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| 37-40% formaldehyde, calcium chloride, distilled water | Calcium formalin
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| REcommended to fix and preserve phospholipids | Calcium formalin
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| 37-40% formaldehyde, ammonium bromide, distilled water | Formalin Ammonium Bromide
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| acid in nature | Formalin Ammonium Bromide
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| Recommeded for tissue of the CNS especially for the Cajal stain | Formalin Ammonium Bromide
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| Lyses RBC's | Formalin Ammonium Bromide
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| causes nuclei to give a positive schiff's reaction due to the feulgen hydrolysis fixation | Formalin Ammonium Bromide
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| 37-40% Formaldehyde, Sodium acetate, distilled water | Acetate Formalin
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| This is one of the better formaldehyde solutions to use if one does not want to use a buffered reagent | Acetate Formalin
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| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, calcium or magnesium carbonate | 10% Neutralized formalin
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| Solution becomes acidic after withdrawal from the storage bottle | 10% Neutralized formalin
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| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin
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| Recommended for routine formalin fixation | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin
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| Hypotonic | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin
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| pH is approximately 6.8 | 10% Neutral Buffered formalin
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| 37-40% Formaldehyde, distilled water, sodium phosphate monobasic, sodium hydroxide | Modified millonig formalin
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| Isotonic | Modified millonig formalin
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| pH is around 7.2-7.4 | Modified millonig formalin
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| has a dual purpose it can alsco act as a fixative for electron microscopy | Modified millonig formalin
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| Less cellular elements are extracted making paraffin sectioning more difficult | Modified millonig formalin
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| 37-40% formaldehyde, absolute ethyl alcohol, distilled water | Alcoholic formalin
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| useful as a fixative on tissue processorsbecause it also begins dehydrating tissue | Alcoholic formalin
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| Sodium phsophate monobasic, sodium hydroxide, distilled water, gluteraldehyde | Gluteraldehyde
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| Make up before using | Gluteraldehyde
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| Most frequently used as a fixative for electronmicroscopy as prolonged fixation hardens tissues (two hours or less) | Gluteraldehyde
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| is an aldehyde like formalin but it is a dialdehyde | Gluteraldehyde
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| One aldehyde group cross links proteins, while the othere remains free to react with schiffs reagent | Gluteraldehyde
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| preserves ultrastructure better than aldehydes | Gluteraldehyde
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| Tissues fixed with gluteraldehyde can not be used in stains that use schiff's reagent | Gluteraldehyde
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| very corossive and all contact with metallic objects must be avoided | Mercuric chloride
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| is not used alone but is used in compound fixative bcuz it is a very powerful protein coagulant and enhances staining by leaving the tissue very receptive to dyes | Mercuric chloride
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| Its presence in tissue inhibits freezing so frozen sections are difficult | Mercuric chloride
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| fixation pigments cant be prevented when using mercury but it can be removed | Mercuric chloride
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| bcuz of hazards associated with it mercury has been replaced by zinc | Mercuric chloride
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| additive fixative | Osmium tetroxide
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| not routinely used in histopathology | Osmium tetroxide
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| primarily used to post fix specimens for electron microscopy to ensure preservation of lipids | Osmium tetroxide
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| can fix a small amount of fat so that the fat will be maintained during paraffin processing | Osmium tetroxide
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| only substance that is used as a fixative and a stain | Picric acid
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| coagulant fixative | Picric acid
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| strong enough acid to hydrolyze nucleic acid thereforeit can not be used to perform DNA and RNA stains | Picric acid
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| not a fixative of lipids or carbs | Picric acid
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| decalcify tissue with small calcium deposits such as breast | Picric acid
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| constituent of fixative for glycogen | Picric acid
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| wash out picric acid with 50% alcohol before processing | Picric acid
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| rarely used alone for fixation | Potassium dichromate
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| noncoagulant unless used in an acid solution, then it will act like chromic acid which is a coagulant | Potassium dichromate
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| chromium will attach to some lipids rendering them inslouble but it does not preserve them | Potassium dichromate
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| Preserves mitochondria but dissolves DNA | Potassium dichromate
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| chromate pigments can form but can be reduced by treating with an acidic alcohol solution | Potassium dichromate
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| have replaced mercury bcuz of its associated hazards | Zinc Salts
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| preserves tissue antigenicity, making digestion procedures unncessary | Zinc Salts
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| Superior nuclear detail and better paraffin infiltration than with formalin alone | Zinc Salts
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| B-5 | Compound fixative
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| Bouin | Compound fixative
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| gendre | Compound fixative
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| Hollande | Compound fixative
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| Zenker and Helly | Compound fixative
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| Orth | Compound fixative
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| Zamboni | Compound fixative
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| Zinc formalin | Compound fixative
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| Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, distilled water | B-5
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| fixative for hemaptopoietic and lymphoreticular tissues bcuz it demonstrates beautiful nuclear detail | B-5
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| remove mercury or pigments will occur | B-5
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| Good stain for IHC and most special stains except silver stains | B-5
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| picric acid(shrinking effect), 37-40% formaldehyde, glacial cetic acid(swelling effect) | Bouin
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| lyses RBC and dissolves iron and small calcium deposits | Bouin
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| excellent fixative form the trichorme stain | Bouin
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| Preserves structures with soft and delicate textures | Bouin
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| Formalin pigments can occur | Bouin
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| 95% alcohol saturated with picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde, glacial acetic acid | Gendre
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| alcoholic bouin solution excellent for preserving carbs expecially glycogen | Gendre
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| Wash excess picric acid with 80% alcohol | Gendre
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| Copper acetate, picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde, distilled water | Hollande
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| Modification of bouin whic stabilizes RBC membranes and the granules of eosinphils and endocrine cells | Hollande
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| decalcify small bone specimens | Hollande
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| more widely used for GI tract bx | Hollande
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| Mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate,distilled water | Zenker helly stock solution
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| Zenker helly stock solution, Glacial acetic acid | Zenker
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| Tissue must be treated for mercury pigment if not treated, chromate pigments may also form | Zenker
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| Lyses erythrocytes | Zenker
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| Good nuclear fixative | Zenker
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| Good for performing mallory ptah | Zenker
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| Unsat for silver stains | Zenker
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| Zenker helly stock solution, 37-40% formaldehyde | Helly
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| Tissue must be treated for mercury pigment if not treated chromate pigment may also form | Helly
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| Formalin pigment may also occur | Helly
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| preserves erythrocyte | Helly
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| unsat for silver | Helly
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| Potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate, distilled water, 37-40% formaldehyde | Orth
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| Not a good general purpose fixative | Orth
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| used to demonstrate chromaffin granules in the adrenal medulla | Orth
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| Paraformaldehyde, picric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphate buffer | Zamboni buffered picric acid formaldehyde (PAF)
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| not widely used, is a good general fixative, allows for secondary fixation after osmium | Zamboni buffered picric acid formaldehyde (PAF_
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| zinc chloride, dionized water, 99% isopropyl alcohol, 37-40% formaldehyde | Alcoholic zinc formalin
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| Recommended as post fixative after NBF, antigenicity is enhanced and nuclear detail is improved | Alcoholic zinc formalin
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| antigenicity is enhanced and nuclear detain is improved | Alcoholic zinc formalin
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| Zinc sulfate, deionized water, 37-40% formaldehyde | Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin
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| formalin pigments can be formed | Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin
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| fix bx for 4-6 hours other tissues 6-8hours | Unbuffered aqueous zinc formalin
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| absolute ethyl alcohol, chloroform, glacial acetic acid | Carnoy
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| its ability to lyse erythrocytes is why it is used in cytology | Carnoy
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| preserves glycogen | Carnoy
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| picric acid, 37-40% formaldehyde | Rossman
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| similar to gender | Rossman
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| recommended for carbohydrates particularly glycogen | Rossman
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| glycogen is preserved by either trapping it within precipitated proteins or by being precipitated directly | Rossman
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| Chromic acid, osmic acid, acetic acid | Flemming
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| excellent cytoplasmic and chromosomal fixative, especially when the acetic acid is omited | Flemming
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| disadvantages, penetrates poorly, requires lenghthy washing and deteriorates rapidly | Flemming
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