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Questions to prepare for national certification (AMT, NHA, AAMA).

        Help!  

Question
Answer
What are anthropometric signs?   Height and weight  
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What are vital signs?   Temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure  
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Schedule I Drugs   Illegal, high potential for abuse  
🗑
Schedule II Drugs   Need written Rx, high potential for abuse  
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Schedule III Drugs   Limited dependence, potential for abuse  
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Schedule IV Drugs   Decreased chance for abuse, can be called in to pharmacy  
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Schedule V Drugs   Least chance for abuse  
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Signs   Objective, visual illness indicators  
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Symptoms   Subjective, implied illness indicators  
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Pharmacology   Study of drugs, actions, dosages, and side effects  
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Pharmacokinetics   Study of the action of drugs within the body based on administration, rate of absorption, duration of action, and elimination from the body  
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Pharmacodynamics   Study of how drugs act on the body in specific cells, tissues, and organs  
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PPE order of donning   Gown, mask, goggles, gloves  
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PPE order of removal   Gloves, goggles, gown, mask  
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Normal adult heart rate   60-100 bpm  
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Normal adult blood pressure   120/80 mm Hg  
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Hypertension starts at   150/90 mm Hg  
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Width of BP cuff?   40-50% of arm circumference  
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Intramuscular injection   90°  
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Subcutaneous injection   45°  
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Intradermal injection   15°  
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6 rights of medication administration?   Patient, medication, route, time, documentation, dose  
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55% of blood is made up of?   Plasma  
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Most important antisepsis for MA?   Hand washing  
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Normal body temperature   98.6° F, 37° C  
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Time to wait before retaking BP?   2 minutes  
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Highest level of infection control?   Sterilization  
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Phlebotomy order of draw   Yellow, clear, light blue, red, gold/tiger top, mint green, dark green, lavender, grey  
🗑
Lavender tube additive   EDTA  
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Light blue tube additive   Sodium citrate  
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Green tube additive   Heparin  
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What is used to clean a routine venipuncture site?   70% isopropyl alcohol  
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Antecubital veins   Median cubital, cephalic, basilic  
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Maximum heel puncture depth   2 mm  
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Permanent fusion of an artery and vein   Fistula  
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Electrolytes   Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium  
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Where to apply tourniquet?   3-4" above antecubital collection site  
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Maximum number of venipuncture attempts from phlebotomist or MA?   2  
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Maximum time to leave tourniquet on?   1 minute  
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Needle angle for antecubital venipuncture?   30°  
🗑
Needle angle for hand venipuncture?   10°  
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Needle gauge   Larger lumen, smaller needle  
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What are CEUs?   Continuing Education Units - maintain certification, i.e. participation in workshops  
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ECG   Electrocardiogram - Noninvasive test that records electrical activity of the heart  
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V1 chest lead   4th intercostal space, right sternal border  
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V2 chest lead   4th intercostal space, left sternal border  
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V3 chest lead   Between V2 and V4  
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V4 chest lead   5th intercostal space, left mid clavicular line  
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V5 chest lead   5th intercostal space, left anterior axillary line  
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V6 chest lead   5th intercostal space, mid axillary line  
🗑
Grounding lead   Right leg  
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Limb leads   Right arm, left arm, left leg  
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Three layers of the heart   Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium  
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Blood pressure sounds   Kortokoff sounds - 1st is systolic, 5th is diastolic  
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Contracting phase of the heart   Systole  
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Relaxing phase of the heart   Diastole  
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Pacemaker of the heart   SA node  
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Electrical conduction of the heart   SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, bundle of His  
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Average amount of blood in the body?   5 liters  
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The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the   Pulmonary veins  
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Heart has potential energy for the next cardiac cycle   Polarization  
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Heart relaxes and gains energy to pump   Repolarization  
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ECG horizontal line represents   Time  
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ECG vertical line represents   Voltage  
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ECG waves   P, Q, R, S, T  
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Segment   Line between waveforms  
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Waveform   Movement away from baseline  
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Complex   Several waveforms together  
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Interval   Waveform + segment  
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Four primary characteristics of cardiac cells   Automaticity, conductivity, contractility, excitability  
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Blood enters the heart from the body through the   Vena cava  
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The right ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the   Right atrium  
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Arteries   Carry blood away from the heart  
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Veins   Carry blood toward the heart  
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P wave   Atrial depolarization  
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QRS complex   Ventricular depolarization  
🗑
T wave   Ventricular repolarization  
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AV node pause   1/10th second  
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AV node firing rate   40-60 bpm  
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SA node firing rate   60-100 bpm  
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Anterior   Front of the body  
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Posterior   Back of the body  
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Lateral   Side of the body  
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Prone   Laying face down  
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Supine   Laying face up  
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Fowler's position   Sitting  
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Dorsal recumbent position   Laying on back with knees up  
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Sims position   Laying on left side with left arm and shoulder behind body, right leg and arm sharply flexed on table, left knee slightly flexed  
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Lithotomy position   Laying on back with buttocks on the lower end of the table with feet in stirrups  
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Machine for steam sterilizing medical instruments   Autoclave  
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Childhood immunizations   DTaP, HIB, MMR, HBV, VZV, IPV  
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Adult immunizations   Influenza, pneumococcal, herpes zoster, tetanus  
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Pediatric dosage calculation   Child's BSA (body surface area) in m² x adult dose / 1.7 m²  
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Surgical hand washing   10 minutes - hands, wrists, forearms  
🗑
CC   Chief complaint  
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Dx   Diagnosis  
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Tx   Treatment  
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abx   Antibiotics  
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Rx   Prescription  
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Bx   Biopsy  
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STAT   Now, immediately  
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PI   Present illness  
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Dys   Painful, bad, difficult  
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NKA   No known allergies  
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NKDA   No known drug allergies  
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ROM   Range of motion  
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PH   Past history  
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ROS   Review of systems  
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FH   Family history  
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SH   Social history  
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c/o   Complaining of  
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prn   As needed  
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DAW   Dispense as written  
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sig   Label, give the following  
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sl   Sublingual  
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gt/gtt   Drop/drops  
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-tomy   Incise, cut into  
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-ectomy   Removal  
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-tripsy   Crush, break  
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-opsy   To view  
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-scope   Instrument used to view  
🗑
-ism   Condition of  
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-itis   Inflammation  
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-oma   Opening  
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-ical   Pertaining to  
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HIPAA   Health Insurance Protection & Portability Act  
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Informed consent   Permission given with knowledge of possible consequences  
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Expressed consent   Permission given verbally or in writing  
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Visual acuity chart   Snellen chart  
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PPD tests for   Tuberculosis  
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Normal blood glucose   70-150 mg/dl  
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Normal hemoglobin   13-17 g/dL (men), 12-15 g/dL (women)  
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Normal oxygen saturation   96-100%  
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Urine specimen collected to test for a UTI   Mid stream clean-catch  
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Best time to test urine Hcg levels   First morning urine  
🗑
Most important hand washing factors   Friction, soap, warm running water  
🗑
Universal blood donor   O negative  
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Infection acquired in a medical facility   Nosocomial infection  
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How many 1 mm boxes in a 6 second rhythm strip?   30  
🗑
Average needle gauge for venipuncture   21-22  
🗑
Best site for capillary puncture   Fleshy portion of ring or middle finger, slightly to the side of center and perpendicular to whorls  
🗑
Why does the first drop of blood from a capillary puncture get wiped away?   Prevent tissue fluid contamination  
🗑
Order of draw for capillary puncture   Lavender tubes, additive tubes, non-additive tubes  
🗑
Hypertension   High blood pressure  
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Hypotension   Low blood pressure  
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Chronic bronchitis and emphysema   Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)  
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Tachycardia   Fast heart rate  
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Bradycardia   Slow heart rate  
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Tissue death from lack of oxygen to the heart   Myocardial infarction (heart attack)  
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Chest pain from lack of blood flow to the heart   Angina pectoris  
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Abnormal heart sound   Heart murmur  
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Heart fluttering, skipped beats, hard or fast beat   Heart palpitation  
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Hardening of the arteries   Arteriosclerosis  
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Device to help heart maintain adequate rhythm   Pacemaker  
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Test measuring blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing to se how the heart responds to stress - often performed on a treadmill   Stress test  
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Young, soft bone bends and breaks - simplest fracture   Greenstick fracture  
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Broken ends of bone do not pierce through skin   Closed fracture  
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Bone pierces through skin   Open/compound fracture  
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Bone is splintered or broken into many pieces   Comminuted fracture  
🗑
Bringing two bones closer together   Flexion  
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Increasing the angle between two bones, resulting in a straightening motion   Extension  
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Movement toward midsection   Adduction  
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Movement of an extremity away from midline   Abduction  
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Recommended body mass index (BMI)   19-25  
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Total water in body weight   55-65%  
🗑
Instrument used to test neurological reflexes   Percussion hammer  
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Instrument used for auscultation of heart, lungs, and bowels   Stethoscope  
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Instrument used for taking blood pressure   Sphygmomanometer  
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Instrument used to view eyes   Ophthalmoscope  
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Instrument used to view ears   Otoscope  
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Basic two dimensional radiograph commonly performed in a physician's office   X-ray  
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Detailed radiograph that permits cross-sectional views of a body region   CT scan  
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Test using a magnetic field and nonionizing radiation to produce images of the body   MRI  
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Use of high-frequency, inaudible sound waves to produce images based on echoes   Ultrasound  
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Auscultation   Listening to body regions with a stethoscope  
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Manipulation   Passive movement of joints to assess extent of movement  
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Palpation   Use of hands and/or fingertips to assess/feel for positions and sizes of organs, masses, lumps, or other abnormalities; skin moisture/temperature, and joint flexibility  
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Percussion   Assessing density of body structures by tapping  
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Correct way to wrap a limb   Distal to proximal  
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Maximum amount of time before suture removal   10 days  
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What should the MA note when changing wound dressing?   Color, odor, amount of drainage  
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# of thoracic vertebrae   12  
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# of lumbar vertebrae   5  
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# of cervical vertebrae   7  
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Undesirable affect   Adverse reaction  
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Hypersensitivity   Allergic reaction  
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Most serious heat emergency   Heat stroke  
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Surgical asepsis   Using sterile technique  
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Opening or separation of an incision site   Dehiscence  
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Open wound   Avulsion  
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First step in medical emergency   Assess responsiveness  
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What do you do if victim is breathing but has no pulse?   Chest compressions  
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Clear wound drainage   Serous  
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Bloody wound drainage   Sanguineous  
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Blood tinged wound drainage   Serosanguineous  
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Grey, green, or yellow drainage   Purulent  
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Symptoms of shock   Rapid, weak pulse and breathing; cold, pale skin  
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Color blindness test   Ishihara test  
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Test associated with rectal exam   Occult blood test  
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Test associated with vaginal exam   Pap smear  
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Position used for rectal exam   Sims position  
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Position used for vaginal exam   Lithotomy position  
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Instrument used for vaginal exam   Speculum  
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Position for patients with difficulty breathing   Fowler's position  
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Low blood pressure that occurs when standing up from sitting or laying down   Orthostatic hypotension  
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Positions used for orthostatic vital signs   Standing, sitting, supine  
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Forms of sterilization   Heat, liquid, gas  
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Components of autoclave   Stream, pressure, temperature, time  
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Instrument used to move instruments and supplies on a sterile field   Transfer forceps  
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Instrument used to grasp blood vessels   Hemostat  
🗑
Scissors with blunt tip on bottom blade   Bandage scissors  
🗑
Knives of varying blades and sizes used for cutting, dissecting, and incising   Scalpels  
🗑
Instrument used to grasp, crimp, and move tissue   Forceps  
🗑
Instrument used for scraping   Curette  
🗑
Outer layers of skin removed from scraping   Abrasion  
🗑
Top layers of skin are bruised and bleeding occurs below skin from blunt trauma   Contusion  
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Smooth cut made from surgery   Incision  
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Jagged cut with irregular wound edges   Laceration  
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Small, round hole in skin and tissues from a sharp, pointed object   Puncture  
🗑
How many times do you invert a venipuncture collection tube?   10  
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Test that measures patient's response to various tones   Audiometry  
🗑
Instrument used to measure volume and flow of air   Spirometer  
🗑
Medicine administered between cheek and gum   Buccal  
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Medicine administered under the tongue   Sublingual  
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Medicine administered on the skin via a patch   Transdermal  
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Burn with only superficial damage   First degree burn  
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Burn involving epidermis, dermis, and some subcutaneous tissue   Second degree burn  
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Burn involving all skin layers and possibly some muscle and bone   Third degree burn  
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Excessive, uncontrolled bleeding   Hemorrhage  
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Low blood sugar   Hypoglycemia  
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High blood sugar   Hyperglycemia  
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Neurological condition often presenting as uncontrolled tremors or jerking movement   Seizures  
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Partial or complete loss of consciousness due to decreased circulation in the brain   Syncope  
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Skin makes up how much total body weight?   18%  
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Muscle most often used for IM injections   Deltoid  
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Method of injection used to prevent irritation to subcutaneous tissues; skin is pulled to one side before injection and released after injection   Z-track  
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Temporary reduction of blood flow to the brain causing stroke-like symptoms   Transient ischemic attack (TIA)  
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Instrument used to test for auditory acuity and bone vibration   Tuning fork  
🗑
ECG paper speed   22 mm/s  
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Interruptions or disturbances in the ECG strip caused by activity outside of the heart   Artifacts  
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ECG movement that results from electrodes that are too tight or loose, dirty, or patient has oily skin   Wandering baseline  
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Absence of heart rate   Asystole  
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Heart beat that originates outside of the SA node   Ectopic beat  
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Uncoordinated ventricular contractions   Ventricular fibrillation  
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Ventricular rate of 150-300 bpm   Ventricular flutter  
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Atrial rate of 350-500 bpm   Atrial fibrillation  
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Contraction of ventricles that occurs early   Premature ventricular contraction  
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Atrial contraction that occurs early   Premature atrial contraction  
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Atrial tachycardia that occurs and subsides suddenly   Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia  
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Atrial rate of 250-350 bpm that produces a "saw tooth" pattern   Atrial flutter  
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Small block on ECG paper   1 mm x 1 mm; represents 0.1 mV vertical and 0.04 s horizontal  
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Large block on ECG paper   5 mm x 5 mm; represents 0.5 mV vertical and 5 blocks = 1 s  
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ECG 6 second rule   Number of complete complexes in strip x 10  
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ECG 300 rule   Number of large boxes between R waves / 300  
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ECG 1500 rule   Number of small boxes between 2 consecutive R waves / 1500  
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Portable device that monitors heart rhythm continuously for 24-48 hours by electrodes attached to chest   Holter monitor  
🗑
Study of the heart's electrical system   Electrophysiology  
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Dilation of an arterial vessel wall or heart chamber due to weakening or ballooning   Aneurysm  
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Hardening and thickening of the arteries with plaque and lipid accumulation   Coronary artery disease (CAD)  
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Heart fails to generate adequate blood output   Congestive heart failure (CHF)  
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Blood clot   Thrombus  
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Mass that enters the bloodstream   Embolism  
🗑
Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that causes permanent valve damage   Endocarditis  
🗑
Inflammation of the pericardium   Pericarditis  
🗑
Impaired blood flow from left atrium to left ventricle   Mitral valve stenosis  
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Blood flow in the wrong direction   Valvular regurgitation  
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Disease of the heart muscle   Cardiomyopathy  
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Localized collection of blood   Hematoma  
🗑
Removal of a small section of tissue for examination   Biopsy  
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Removal of dead skin tissue   Debridement  
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Five types of bones   Long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid  
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Patient education steps   Identify topic and purpose, assess patient's ability and needs, develop plan, implement plan, document, evaluate patient understanding, reevaluate on follow up  
🗑
Patient preparation for minor office surgery   Hair removal, skin cleaning, draping  
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DTaP vaccine   Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus  
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MMR vaccine   Measles, mumps, rubella  
🗑
Cranial cavity   Brain  
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Spinal cavity   Spinal cord  
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Thoracic cavity   Lungs, heart, large blood vessels  
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Abdominal cavity   Stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys  
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Pelvic cavity   Urinary bladder, urinary structures, reproductive organs  
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Solid, elevated 1 cm lesion   Papule  
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Solid, elevated 1-2 cm lesion   Nodule  
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Elevated, fluid-filled lesion   Pustule  
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Flat, elevated lesion   Plaque  
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Condition of decreased bone mass and density   Osteoporosis  
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Type of arthritis that occurs when flexible tissue at the end of bones wears down   Osteoarthritis  
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Type of arthritis caused by excess uric acid in the joints   Gout  
🗑
Medical term for nose bleed   Epistaxis  
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Organ that produces bile and breaks down waste   Liver  
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Organ that filters blood   Spleen  
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Organ that produces enzymes for digestion   Pancreas  
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Organ that stores bile   Gallbladder  
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What is the function of lymph?   Sends leaked interstitial fluid into the venous system, assists with immunity, and helps filter blood  
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Condition in which blood does not have enough healthy red blood cells   Anemia  
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Involuntary muscle or other movement by patient seen on ECG   Somatic tremors  
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Destroying tissue by freezing   Cryosurgery  
🗑
Cutting and cauterization of skin and tissues using an electrical current   Electrosurgery  
🗑
Use of a special instrument to examine the inside of the body   Endoscopy  
🗑
Use of narrow beams for diagnostic and treatment applications   Laser surgery  
🗑
Tube containing serum separator   Gold/tiger  
🗑
Tube used for coagulation studies   Light blue  
🗑
How much urine should be collected for a specimen?   30-50 ml  
🗑
Needle gauge for intradermal injection   25-27  
🗑
How many lb in 1 kg?   2.2 lb  
🗑
Body's ability to maintain normal state   Homeostasis  
🗑
Room temperature urine specimens begin to deteriorate after   1 hour  
🗑
Chemical properties of urine   pH, blood, glucose  
🗑
Components of urinalysis   Physical, chemical, microscopic  
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Three types of blood cells   Erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes  
🗑
Most abundant leukocytes in human body   Neutrophils  
🗑
Leukocytes that increase with inflammation   Basophils  
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Essential component of hemoglobin   Iron  
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Breakdown of food into usable units to provide growth and energy production   Metabolism  
🗑
Medication with quickest action   Intravenous  
🗑
Age for baseline ECG   40 years  
🗑
Physical examination for patients 20-40 year old   Every 1-3 years  
🗑
Age to start mammograms   40 years (women)  
🗑
NPO   Nothing by mouth  
🗑
PO   By mouth  
🗑
q   Every  
🗑
h   Hour  
🗑
ac   Before meals  
🗑
pc   After meals  
🗑
qd   Every day  
🗑
qod   Every other day  
🗑
qh   Every hour  
🗑
bid   Twice daily  
🗑
tid   Three times daily  
🗑
qid   Four times daily  
🗑
hs   Hour of sleep (bedtime)  
🗑
qhs   Every hour of sleep (bedtime)  
🗑
f/u   Follow up  
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cxr   Chest x-ray  
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d/c   Discontinue  
🗑
Melan/o   Black  
🗑
Leuk/o   White  
🗑
Erythr/o   Red  
🗑
Cyan/o   Blue  
🗑
SOB   Shortness of breath  
🗑
-algia   Pain  
🗑
Nephr/o   Kidney  
🗑
Hepat/o   Liver  
🗑
Cardi/o   Heart  
🗑
Ot/o   Ear  
🗑
Opthalm/o   Eye  
🗑
My/o   Muscle  
🗑
Oste/o   Bone  
🗑
Gastr/o   Stomach  
🗑
Hemat/o   Blood  
🗑
Pneum/o   Lung  
🗑
Cost/o   Rib  
🗑
Cephal/o   Head  
🗑
Enter/o   Intestines  
🗑
Hyster/o   Uterus  
🗑
Oophor/o   Ovary  
🗑
Salping/o   Fallopian tube  
🗑
Orchi/o   Testicle  
🗑
Gravid/o   Pregnancy  
🗑
Prostat/o   Prostate  
🗑
Phleb/o   Vein  
🗑
Myring/o, tympan/o   Eardrum  
🗑
-emesis   Vomiting  
🗑
-pnea   Breathing  
🗑
-emia   Condition of blood  
🗑
-sclerosis   Hardening  
🗑
-centesis   Puncture to remove fluid  
🗑
-plasty   Surgical repair  
🗑
-graph   Instrument for reading  
🗑
-uria   Condition of urine  
🗑
-lysis   Destruction  
🗑
-rrhea   Flow/discharge  
🗑
MA administrative duties   Greet patients, answer phones, update and file medical records, fill out insurance forms, schedule appointments, handle billing and bookkeeping, arrange hospital admission and laboratory services  
🗑
MA clinical duties   Take medical histories, record vital signs, explain procedures, prepare patients for exams, assist physician with exams and procedures, perform ECG, collect and prepare lab specimens (urine, blood), administer medications and injections, etc.  
🗑
Inflammation of lungs due to aspiration, bacteria, virus, fungus, or protozoa   Pneumonia  
🗑
Inflammation of the bronchioles   Bronchitis  
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Stoppage of breathing   Apnea  
🗑
Nasal drainage   Rhinorrhea  
🗑
Painful urination   Dysuria  
🗑
Kidney stones   Nephrolithiasis  
🗑
Inflammation of the bladder   Cystitis  
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Inflammation of the stomach   Gastritis  
🗑
Also known as acid reflux, condition that affects the lower esophageal sphincter   GERD  
🗑
Erosive area on stomach lining   Peptic ulcer  
🗑
Inflammation of the appendix   Appendicitis  
🗑
Inflammation of diverticula in the colon   Diverticulitis  
🗑
Master gland that releases numerous hormones   Pituitary gland  
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Gland that secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine   Thyroid gland  
🗑
Glands that secrete corticosteroids   Adrenal glands  
🗑
Gland that secretes melatonin and various neurotransmitters   Pineal gland  
🗑
Deficiency in insulin production or poor insulin usage   Diabetes mellitus  
🗑
Excess production of thyroid hormones   Hyperthyroidism  
🗑
Underactive thyroid gland   Hypothyroidism  
🗑
Demyelination of the central nervous system   Multiple sclerosis  
🗑
Chronic seizure disorder   Epilepsy  
🗑
Infarction of the brain due to lack of blood flow   Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)  
🗑
Nearsightedness   Myopia  
🗑
Farsightedness   Hyperopia  
🗑
Double vision   Diplopia  
🗑
Crossed eyes   Strabismus  
🗑
Irregular curvature of the cornea   Astigmatism  
🗑
Inflammation of the lining of the eyelid known as "pink eye"   Conjunctivitis  
🗑
Accumulation of excess intraocular aqueous humor   Glaucoma  
🗑
Clouding of the lens due to protein accumulation   Cataract  
🗑
Infection and inflammation of the middle ear   Otitis media  
🗑
Infection and inflammation of the outer ear   Otitis externa  
🗑
Painful menstruation   Dysmenorrhea  
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Absence of menstruation   Amenorrhea  
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Bleeding in between menstrual cycles   Metorrhagia  
🗑
Increase in bleeding amount and duration   Menorrhagia  
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First pregnancy   Primigravida  
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More than one pregnancy   Multipara  
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Pregnancy outside of the uterus   Ectopic pregnancy  
🗑
Surgical removal of the uterus   Hysterectomy  
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Surgical removal of the ovaries   Oophorectomy  
🗑
Surgical removal of the fallopian tubes and ovaries   Salpingo-oophorectomy  
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Infection and inflammation of the reproductive tract   Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)  
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Yeast infection   Candidiasis  
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Uterine fibroids   Leiomyomas  
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Condition of pregnancy characterized by edema, hypertension, and proteinuria   Eclampsia  
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Excess protein in urine   Proteinuria  
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Accumulation of fluid in tissues, causing swelling   Edema  
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Miscarriage that occurs naturally   Spontaneous abortion  
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Scraping of uterine lining   Dilation and curettage (D&C)  
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Magnified direct inspection of the cervix to detect cancer or other abnormalities   Colposcopy  
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Test to screen for cervical cancer   Papanicolaou (Pap) smear  
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Removal of a portion of the vas deferens   Vasectomy  
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Surgical procedure to lower undescended testes   Orchiopexy  
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Inflammation of the urethra   Urethritis  
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Infection of the kidney   Pyelonephritis  
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Gradual, progressive loss of kidney function resulting in insufficiency   Chronic renal failure  
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Blood in urine   Hematuria  
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Condition characterized by painful, frequent urination   Urinary tract infection (UTI)  
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-rrhaphy   Suturing  
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-pathy   Disease  
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-plegia   Paralysis  
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-plasty   Repair  
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-graphy   Recording  
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-ostomy   Surgical creation of an opening  
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Branch of medicine specializing in infants, children, and adolescents   Pediatrics  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the elderly   Gerontology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in blood   Hematology  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in the kidneys   Nephrology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the ears, nose, and throat   Otolaryngology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in women's health   Gynecology  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in the eyes   Ophthalmology  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in cancer prevention and treatment   Oncology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the heart   Cardiology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the liver   Hepatology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the skin   Dermatology  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in the GI tract   Gastroenterology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the endocrine glands   Endocrinology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the nervous system   Neurology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the lungs   Pulmonology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in the medical use of x-rays or other radiation   Radiology  
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Branch of medicine specializing in pregnancy and childbirth   Obstetrics  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in the urinary system   Urology  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in joint conditions   Rheumatology  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders   Psychiatry  
🗑
Branch of medicine specializing in vein incision   Phlebotomy  
🗑
What is the preferred collection site for venipuncture?   Antecubital fossa  
🗑
Where to collect blood from an arm with an IV line?   Below the IV site or on the other arm  
🗑
What does a general minor surgery tray contain?   4 towel clips, scalpel, curved and straight hemostats, scissors, forceps, needle holder, sponges, sutures, and drapes  
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What does a suture tray contain?   Towel clips, curved hemostat, forceps with teeth, thumb forceps, sutures, scissors, needle holder, gauze, and drapes  
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What does a suture removal tray contain?   Scissors, thumb forceps, and gauze  
🗑
What does a staple removal tray contain?   Staple remover and gauze  
🗑
Common antiseptic skin cleansing solution used for surgery   Betadine  
🗑
Proper solution for cleaning blood spills   1:9 bleach solution  
🗑
Main federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation   Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)  
🗑
Federal regulatory standards that apply to all clinical laboratory testing performed on humans in the United States   Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)  
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Organization that accredits more than 21,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States   Joint Commission  
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Summary in the patient's own words explaining why they are seeking medical services   Chief complaint  
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Patient's past health status   Medical history  
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Medical history of the patient's biological family members   Family history  
🗑
Patient's past and present exposures and personal habits, such as drinking and smoking   Social history  
🗑
Interview technique used to question patients about organ systems   Review of systems  
🗑
What is an appropriate technique to ensure the patient was listening?   Ask them to repeat back what you said (i.e. post surgery instructions, medications)  
🗑
Neurological test used to determine balance when the patient is standing erect with their eyes closed   Romberg test  
🗑
The average adult has how many liters of blood?   5-6  
🗑
Imaginary plane dividing the body into equal right and left halves   Midsagittal plane  
🗑
Imaginary plane dividing the body into upper and lower halves   Transverse plane  
🗑
Imaginary plane dividing the body into front and back halves   Coronal plane  
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Intradermal injection needle length   1-1 1/2"  
🗑
Subcutaneous injection needle length   5/8-1/2"  
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Intramuscular injection needle length   1/4-1/2"  
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Machine that rapidly rotates specimens, using centrifugal force to separate substances; commonly used for blood and urine in a medical setting.   Centrifuge  
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How long should urine be centrifuged?   5 minutes  
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Normal urine color   Straw  
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Container used for disposal of needles   Sharps container  
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When is the best time to collect a sputum sample?   First thing in the morning  
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What is the normal range for an HbA1c test?   4-5.9%  
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Procedure used to remove earwax (cerumen)   Ear irrigation or lavage  
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Surgical removal of the gallbladder   Cholecystectomy  
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Surgical removal of the appendix   Appendectomy  
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Surgical removal of the tonsils   Tonsillectomy  
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Surgical removal of a kidney   Nephrectomy  
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What is a blood culture used to check for?   Bacteria  
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What color does gram positive bacteria stain?   Purple  
🗑
What is Gram's method?   A method of staining used to differentiate bacterial species into two large groups, gram positive and gram negative  
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How long can culture and sensitivity tests be kept at room temperature?   72 hours  
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What type of urine collection is required for culture and sensitivity testing?   Mid stream clean-catch  
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Documentation method used for charting - subjective, objective, assessment, and plan   SOAP method  
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Describes the patient’s current condition in narrative form, including chief complaint   Subjective  
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Documents objective, repeatable, and traceable facts about the patient’s status   Objective  
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Physician’s medical diagnoses for the medical visit on the given date   Assessment  
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Describes what the health care provider will do to treat the patient – ordering labs, referrals, procedures performed, medications prescribed, etc.   Plan  
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Scheduling two or more patients in the same appointment slot   Double-booking  
🗑
Grouping of similar appointments together in the same day or week   Cluster scheduling  
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Specific number of patients scheduled at the top of the hour   Wave scheduling  
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Hour long scheduling blocks broken down into smaller increments, usually 10-15 minutes   Modified wave scheduling  
🗑
Most common scheduling; patient given an appointment based on length of time needed   Time specific scheduling  
🗑
Too many gaps between appointments   Underbooking  
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Protection against losses from illness, injury, disability, and accidental death or dismemberment   Health insurance  
🗑
Insurance that covers only specific medical expenses   Medical insurance  
🗑
Federal government program for those who qualify due to low income   Medicaid  
🗑
Federal government program for those over the age of 65 or with specific disabilities   Medicare  
🗑
Contracts to individuals or groups that cover specific medical expenses   Prepaid health plans  
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Health insurance provided to a group, usually employees, which provides coverage in the form of a lump sum payment or periodic payments   Group health insurance  
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Portion of expense that the insured must pay before the person is entitled to benefits from the insurer   Deductible  
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Arrangement in which the insured pays a specified amount for various services and the health care provider pays the remainder; typically payed at time of appointment.   Copayment  
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Reimbursement is made to the provider based on a predetermined reimbursement leveL   Prospective payment system (PPS)  
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Medicare Part A   Hospital insurance  
🗑
Medicare Part B   Supplemental insurance; medically necessary physician services, outpatient hospital and physical therapy services, speech pathology, etc.  
🗑
Medicare Part C   Managed care plans that save out-of-pocket costs + extra benefits such as prescription drugs, dental care, and eye exams  
🗑
Medicare Part D   Prescription drug plan  
🗑
Organization of hospitals and physicians who provide services to insurance company clients   PPO  
🗑
Prepaid medical service plan where patients must use contracted providers   HMO  
🗑
Covers most health care services for veterans, their dependents and survivors   CHAMPVA  
🗑
Covers health care services for active military personnel   TRICARE  
🗑
Codes used for reporting various diagnoses   International Classification of Diseases (ICD)  
🗑
Current coding revision   ICD-10-CM  
🗑
Listing of standardized alphanumeric codes medical coders use to report services   Current Procedural Terminology (CPT)  
🗑
What are the four stages of the infectious process?   Incubation, prodromal, acute illness, convalescent  
🗑
Organisms establish presence in the susceptible host   Incubation stage  
🗑
Symptoms of infection begin to appear   Prodromal stage  
🗑
Organisms are growing and spreading inside the host   Acute illness  
🗑
Damaged tissue begins healing and symptoms resolve   Convalescent stage  
🗑
What is the chain of infection?   Causative organism, reservoir, method of exit, mode of transmission from reservoir to host, susceptible host, and mode of entry into the host  
🗑
What is the inflammatory response?   Body attacks and destroys microorganisms and renovates tissue after injury, damage, or death  
🗑
What are the five indications of local inflammation?   Redness, warmth, swelling, pain, loss of function  
🗑
What are the two indications of systemic inflammation?   Fever and increase of white blood cells  
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What are standard precautions?   Universal level of precautions used when caring for any patient  
🗑
What are the three transmission based precautions?   Contact, droplet, airborne  
🗑
Wearing gloves, gown, and shoes, and designating equipment use for a single patient is using   Contact precautions  
🗑
Wearing masks, face shields, and goggles is using   Droplet precautions  
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Wearing a respirator is using   Airborne precautions  
🗑
What is the role of the MA in surgical asepsis?   Monitoring the surgical field to decrease patient risk  
🗑
What are the four environmental safety measures?   Fire, electrical, radiation, and poison  
🗑
What temperature and time is used to sterilize instruments with dry heat?   320° F for 1 hour  
🗑
What temperature and time is used to sterilize instruments with steam in the autoclave?   250-254° F for 20-40 minutes  
🗑
Normal adult respiration rate   12-20 breaths per minute  
🗑
Healthy blood pressure values   Systolic 100-139, diastolic 60-79  
🗑
Hypothermia is defined as a temperature below   95° F  
🗑
What are the causes of hypothermia?   Shock, environment, exposure to elements, thyroid disorders  
🗑
Fever is defined as a temperature above   100.4° F  
🗑
What are the causes of fever?   Infection, stress, dehydration, exercise, environment, thyroid disorders  
🗑
What is the role of the MA in the physical exam?   Prepare and clean exam room and equipment, prepare patient by giving instructions, help with draping and gowning, and assisting the physician.  
🗑
Size of capillary puncture blade for adults   3 mm  
🗑
Size of capillary puncture blade for children   2.4 mm  
🗑
What tests are CLIA waived?   Urinalysis (dipstick and tablet reagent), occult blood, urine Hcg, blood glucose, ESR, Hgb, Hct, strep A, and ovulation testing  
🗑
What departments are used for blood testing?   Hematology, coagulation studies, blood chemistry, immunology, and microbiology  
🗑
Invasive procedure performed to visually examine and take biopsies from the GI tract   Colonoscopy  
🗑
Special scope used to visually examine the larynx, bronchi, and trachea   Bronchoscopy  
🗑
Small device used to assess blood oxygen concentration   Pulse oximeter  
🗑
Insertion of a catheter into a patient's artery or vein so that dye and x-ray viewing can be used for diagnostic purposes   Angiography  
🗑
Pounds to kilograms   Pounds / 2.2  
🗑
Kilograms to pounds   Kilograms x 2.2  
🗑
What equipment is included on a crash cart?   PPE, CPR mask, one-way breathing valve device, bag-valve-mask, oxygen, first aid supplies, necessary medications  
🗑
How do you control hemorrhage?   Apply direct pressure to the area, apply new dressing and continue pressure when dressing is soaked with blood, elevate area above heart level  
🗑
How do you treat first-degree burns?   Apply cool compress for pain relief and prevent infection by applying a dry sterile dressing  
🗑
How do you treat second-degree burns?   Cool skin with cold water or compress and apply a dry sterile dressing  
🗑
How do you treat third-degree burns?   Cover injured area with a sterile cloth and apply cool sterile water or saline, keep patient in supine position with head lower than the body, remove any loose clothing or jewelry near the burn  
🗑
How do you help a choking patient?   Perform the Heimlich maneuver (abdominal thrust) if patient is conscious, attempt to remove object in supine position if patient is unconscious  
🗑
How do you treat chest pain?   Keep patient calm, warm, and quiet; monitor and record vitals, administer nitroglycerine per physician's order, apply oxygen, perform ECG, be prepared to perform CPR  
🗑
How do you treat hypoglycemia?   Give a form of simple sugar (juice, crackers, candy), perform a finger-stick blood glucose test, give a form of protein (milk, meat, peanut butter) if level remains low  
🗑
How do you treat hyperglycemia?   Notify the physician and follow orders  
🗑
How do you treat seizures?   Move items away from patient, make sure clothing isn't affecting circulation, monitor for excessive saliva or vomiting and move patient to side if needed, allow rest and privacy, transport to hospital per physician's orders  
🗑
How do you treat shock?   Assess ABCs, administer supplemental oxygen, position patient's extremities above heart level, closely monitor vitals, provide support, transfer to emergency services  
🗑
How do you treat syncope?   Assist patient to lay down, apply cool cloth or ammonia to stimulate consciousness, assess ABCs, monitor vitals, elevate legs higher than head, keep patient warm, calm, and quiet  
🗑
Breaking down of organic matter   Catabolism  
🗑
Building up of components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids   Anabolism  
🗑
Chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life   Metabolism  
🗑
What nutrients does the human body need for growth, energy, and development?   Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, sugars, vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water  
🗑
Deficiency of nutrients   Malnutrition  
🗑
Which vitamins are water soluble?   B, C  
🗑
Which vitamins are fat soluble?   A, D, E, K  
🗑
Toward the upper body region   Superior  
🗑
Toward the lower body region   Inferior  
🗑
Front side of the body   Anterior  
🗑
Back side of the body   Posterior  
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Skin makes up how much of the body's weight?   18%  
🗑
Common human phenomenon characterized by an intense fear or dread related to a known or unknown cause   Anxiety  
🗑
Relationship between a person and his or her environment that arises when he or she feels pressure or overwhelming feelings related to a situation, event, person, place, or thing   Stress  
🗑
A person's judgment of her or her own worth and value   Self-esteem  
🗑
Who developed the Theory of Psychosocial Development?   Erikson  
🗑
At what age would a child develop autonomy vs. shame and doubt?   18 months-3 years  
🗑
At what age would a child develop identity vs. role confusion?   12-20 years  
🗑
Who developed the Theory of Developmental Learning?   Piaget  
🗑
What are the four periods of developmental learning?   Sensorimotor (birth-2 years), preoperational (2-6 years), concrete operational (7-11 years), formal operations (12-adult)  
🗑
Who developed the model for the five stages of grief?   Kübler-Ross  
🗑
What are the five stages of grief?   Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance  
🗑
What is the transferring of feelings for a threatening person, place, or thing to one that is neutral?   Displacement  
🗑
What is the assignment of feelings or motivation to another person, place, or thing?   Projection  
🗑
What are learned external behaviors and internal thought processes that are used to decrease discomfort and pain?   Coping mechanisms  
🗑
What is the demonstration of behavior characteristics from a earlier developmental stage?   Regression  
🗑
What are important communication skills for an MA?   Active listening, asking open-ended questions to gain further understanding, paying attention to patient's non-verbal communication (gestures, facial expressions, etc.) as well as verbal communication  
🗑
At most, how many times should the phone ring before answering?   3  
🗑
As an MA doing phone triage, how can you manage the physician's time?   Screening calls - refer necessary calls only and take messages for other calls.  
🗑
What would violate HIPAA when leaving a phone message for a patient?   Giving any information about the patient's diagnoses, test results, medications, or procedures  
🗑
Instance of negligence or incompetence on the part of a professional   Malpractice  
🗑
Patient has been seen within 3-5 years, depending on the practice's policy   Active patient file  
🗑
Patient has not been seen within 3-5 years , depending on the practice's policy   Inactive patient file  
🗑
Patient is deceased, has moved, or has reached legal age limit   Closed patient file  
🗑
What method is used to destroy a medical record?   Shredding  
🗑
Medical records filed by the units of the patient's name   Alphabetic filing system  
🗑
Each patient is assigned a medical record number and the numbers are cross-references with an alphabetic (master) file   Numeric filing system  
🗑
Medical records are filed in coordination with number and/or letters and each letter, group of letters, number, or group of numbers is designated with a specific color   Color coding system  
🗑
Who owns a patient's medical record?   The medical facility  
🗑
Annually updated manual of prescription drugs   Physicians' Desk Reference  
🗑
Documenting information in a medical record, including reports, test results, and consultation notes   Documentation or charting  
🗑
Contains all rules and protocols relevant to the medical office   Policy and Procedure Manual  
🗑
Drugs that prevent and treat infections   Anti-infectives  
🗑
Drugs that prevent vomiting   Antiemetics  
🗑
Drugs that relieve pain without causing anesthesia   Analgesics  
🗑
Drugs that prevent and treat bacterial infections   Antibiotics  
🗑
Drugs that reduce pain and inflammation   Anti-inflammatory  
🗑
Drug administered through a vein   Intravenous (IV)  
🗑
Drug applied to the skin   Topical  
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